√ Various Types of Gypsum and Complete Product Types
Various Types of Gypsum and Complete Product Types – Gypsum is one of the mineral rocks that can be mined and exists in various parts of the world. The word 'gypsum' or gypsum itself comes from the Greek word which means 'to cook' which refers more to burnt minerals or those that go through a calcination process. Dental gypsum is a gypsum material which has the chemical element CaSO4. American Dental Association (ADA) Specification No. 25, gypsum dental products can be grouped into five types, namely type I, II, III, IV and V. However, the most commonly used are types II, III, and IV. There are three types of gypsum products used in dentistry, among others models of plaster, dental stone, and high strength dental or die stone.
Various Types of Gypsum and Complete Product Types
Let's discuss in full below.
Types of Gypsum Products
These are the 3 types of gypsum products that are often used in dentistry
1. Plaster (Type II)
The crystalline powder of this type is irregular and porous in nature, and is known as alpha hemihydrate. Physically it can be seen as a white mineral capable of absorbing water up to a maximum of 50% in 100 grams of powder. The excess amount of water absorbed in the gypsum structure will evaporate, and as a result there will be a decrease in density and a decrease in strength
(strength) gypsum. One of the reasons plaster continues to be used in dentistry (orthodontic) due to the smooth surface produced in gypsum products. This property underlies the use of gypsum as a model for sculpting and trimming models, with precise and accurate results. On the other hand, the porous nature of the gypsum structure will cause brittleness (brittle) which has an impact on decreasing its mechanical properties (Runguist, 1992). In type II, natural anhydrous compounds are found which have an orthorhombic structure (Deer at al, 1963).2. Dental Stone (Type III)
Known as dental stone or dental gypsum type III, with less water content. Crystal gypsum of this type has a more regular structure with reduced porosity. The crystalline powder of this type is more regular with reduced porosity. This type has a ratio of about 30 grams of water in 100 grams of powder. This will have an impact on a more dense structure (denser) and stronger than type II products, but has a tendency to experience more failures (fractures).
Several clinical studies suggest that the orthodontic reconstruction model is very useful for analyze damage and tooth loss so as to facilitate the treatment of patients (Kuntoro, et al, 2014). During the treatment process, this construction model remains stored until the treatment process is complete. Based on the construction models that have been made, it aims to see progress (progress) treatment for patients. Therefore this type III material must have good mechanical properties (strength), this is because the storage process can take 2 – 4 years of treatment period (Runguist, 1992).
Type III calcium sulfate has good solubility compared to natural anhydrous. The anhydrous sample weight obtained reached constant room conditions for 12 hours. The mass yield increases from 7 to 7.5 %, 6.6 % is the theoretical value for the hemihydrate (145.154 g/mol) and for the anhydrous (136.146 g/mol) (Davis, 1907).
3. Dental Stone, High Strength (Type IV)
An increase in dental stones or type IV dental stones with less water content than type III. The compressive strength and surface hardness have been the most frequently studied measurements, because the cementitious material causes embrittlement (brittle) and has a greater compressive strength than tensile strength.
The mixing method also has an impact for type IV, there are a number of variables that can be manipulated to change the physical properties of various gypsum materials. As with the development of artificial dental gypsum, the improved surface hardness and compressive strength properties of type IV dental were initially of interest to dentistry. Subsequent development is carried out as a study model on the articulator, in this application materials are needed which is more durable than those used in oral reconstruction cases by prosthodontists. In this case, there are two requirements for traditional orthodontic models, namely trim and sculpt models in terms of their strength.
Unfortunately, there are no gypsum products that meet all these requirements. One solution in the field of dentistry is done by pouring part of the tooth from the stone mold, the anatomy and the base in plaster. The result is a tooth less susceptible to decay, and a relatively small surface area of the stone which is required to model the sculpt. The easiest way on trim models. This method is done by using a flexible plastic or rubber bowl with bladed stirrer during the process of mixing the powder with water. The result of the dough in this model should be soft, homogeneous, fit and not bubbly. Bubbles are avoided so that the dough does not experience defects on the inside.
Another alternative is to change the water-powder ratio, mixing method, or change the addition of other ingredients. Furthermore, clinicians can use a mixture of plaster and stone to produce a hybrid that has inherent compromises when compared to either of the two materials. The combination performed on the stone increases its strength, but increases the sculpt mode and trim mode under conditions of time. If type IV with type I (plaster) make it easier and more efficient, but the tensile strength decreases and the fracture model increases. Manufacturers are of the opinion regarding the gypsum material that the mixture is acceptable to the public, but the resulting physical properties have not been investigated further. Currently produced commercially and targeted to demand, because there is too much demand. Also too many different mixing ratios. In the manufacturing process, dental type IV has a small volume of the product, so it is very expensive, some consumers cannot afford this (Runguist, 1992).
Thus our discussion of Various Types of Gypsum and Complete Product Types, I hope this article can be useful for all of us. thank you 🙂
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