Definition of Evaluation, Objectives, Methods and Functions Complete
In every activity or event that is currently being carried out, evaluation becomes something very important. So the notion of evaluation is the identification process in assessing or measuring certain programs/activities, whether they have met expectations or objectives or not.
The purpose of this evaluation is also to ensure that what is currently being carried out is in accordance with the target to be achieved. Evaluation is not only limited to technical problems, but also for other non-technical problems.
Definition of Evaluation According to Experts
Evaluation in a field of work is usually carried out to compare the desired end result, with the objectives that should be achieved and have been determined.
Another definition of evaluation is the activity of collecting a number of information about human performance, system, as well as the tools used to determine what alternatives are decision.
The following are some definitions of evaluation, taken from the understanding of experts:
- Evaluation according to Sudijono is an interpretation or interpretation whose source comes from quantitative data.
- Evaluation according to Stufflebeam, et al is a process of obtaining, describing and also providing information that serves to assess alternatives to a procedure.
- Evaluation according to Worthen and Sanders is a process of looking for something of value, whether in the form of production, programs, alternative procedures, information and so on.
- Evaluation according to Purwanto is giving value to a certain quality in the process of getting, planning, as well as providing the necessary information, to make several alternatives to a decision.
Purpose in Evaluation
All activities carried out certainly have their own aims and objectives, especially with the goals to be achieved there. As with evaluating something, of course there is a purpose and purpose.
Through this evaluation, you will also know the level of progress of an activity, by: level of achievement that has a basic purpose, and some things to do in the future come.
The specific objectives of the evaluation include:
- To determine the level of satisfaction of a person on a predetermined competence, on the basis of standards and needs of the organization.
- To identify some of the obstacles faced so that a diagnosis can be made and to provide opportunities, in improving the ability of an object of evaluation.
- To measure the level of effectiveness and efficiency in a method, media, and other resources in the implementation of a particular event or activity.
- To provide feedback and information that is important in correcting all kinds of deficiencies, and becomes a reference for making a decision.
Evaluation Method
In accordance with the notion of evaluation which is a way to compare the final results with the goals to be achieved, then in conducting the evaluation a number of methods are needed. Activities in evaluating something are done using various methods.
This method depends on the field to be evaluated as well as the expected output. The following method is used in a performance evaluation, which can be implemented in a company:
1. 360 Degree Evaluation Method
You will get a double feedback, if you use this one evaluation method. Not only from an agency or government, but also from consumer colleagues.
The process is carried out once a year for all elements of the current organization. The aims of these methods include:
- Provide feedback on the advantages and disadvantages of organizational performance.
- Identify the direction of the strategic development of an organization.
- Increase collaboration and mutual understanding among several organizational units.
- Give awards for achievement and provide incentives.
- Develop a learning process in openness when receiving criticism.
To carry out this evaluation method, you should pay attention to the following things:
Types of Information Required
You will need information from customers both externally and internally, organizational unit employees or staff, as well as management.
This is due to the evaluation process that requires the involvement of all stakeholders.
Methods of Gathering Information
There are five methods you should use to collect this information, such as:
Evaluation from External Customers
That is conducting a survey about the satisfaction of each consumer, in terms of ease of access, convenience environment, how to respond to the outcome, satisfaction in terms of administration, and how to behave his employees.
The trick is to provide a box of suggestions and criticisms there.
Internal Inter-Unit Evaluation
That is by evaluating performance which includes many things such as participation, quality of service, improvement of activities, professionalism, to spirit in the group.
Each point in the evaluation is scored 1 for the worst and 10 for the most perfect.
Self Evaluation
Require all kinds of fields within the organization to carry out internal evaluations of performance each, using the same assessments and tools as the inter-unit evaluation in inside/
Management Evaluation
That is the type of evaluation carried out by a team that includes general managers, chief executives and functional managers. They must provide feedback for the achievements that are in their responsibilities.
Senior Management Evaluation
Usually this evaluation is carried out by all units in the organization on the performance of senior management, and the highest leadership in the organization/company.
Evaluation will be conducted on planning strategy, management style, group spirit, leadership, communication, and external relations.
Evaluation Feedback
This feedback is in the form of values from independent evaluations, from evaluation results between organizational units, and from assessment results throughout the organization.
2. Evaluation Method with Cost-Benefit Analysis
The evaluation method carried out by cost-benefit analysis is usually done by identifying several components, including benefits and costs. This component is real and not real.
3. Program and Policy Evaluation Method
Evaluate with the following approach:
Pseudo Evaluation
It is carried out using a descriptive method without having to ask directly to individuals, communities and certain groups.
The evaluation is done by using graphical presentation techniques, tables, index numbers, interrupt series analysis, controlled series analysis, to discontinuous-regression analysis.
Formal Evaluation
Conduct a formal evaluation on the basis of the program or policy that has been determined, and those who make the policy or it can be the program administrator have announced it.
This one method is carried out using value clarification techniques, cross impact analysis, discounting, mapping of targets and mapping of obstacles.
4. Theoretical Decision Evaluation Method
This type of financial information is usually needed to evaluate the performance of the budget made, then it will be compared with its actual performance.
Meanwhile, non-financial information will be needed to measure the efficiency of internal processes, customer satisfaction, and effectiveness in terms of spending.
Function of Evaluation
The activities of an evaluation certainly bring benefits to those who evaluate, or those who will be evaluated because in the process there are several functions of the evaluation itself, which include: that is:
1. Success Measure
In measuring the success of a program is a function of the main evaluation. Measuring the level of success will be carried out for various components, including in terms of the methods used at that time, the achievement of a goal, and the use of facilities.
2. As Selection
Through this function, activities in terms of evaluation can be used to select a method, person or tool in accordance with predetermined standards.
For example, when deciding whether a person deserves to be accepted to work in a company or not, or whether someone deserves a promotion in his company or not, and so on.
3. As a Diagnosis
Even evaluation can be done to find out what a person's weaknesses and strengths are, or certain tools in the field of competence. For example, when you want to know what are the strengths/weaknesses of a student in the subjects he studies every day.
4. As Placement
The function of evaluation is also to find out the best position for someone in terms of their capacity and capabilities. Then the company's management will place it in the right position, so that its performance results are more optimal.
Stages in Evaluation
In this case, the evaluation is certainly not something that can give instant results. However, it is an activity that includes steps that must be carried out. Each evaluation has different stages, but there are several stages that are still generally applicable.
The following steps are usually carried out in an evaluation:
1. Determine the Aspects to be Evaluated First
A certain program/activity will be implemented by involving various aspects and components, which will support each other. To be able to evaluate all its activities, it must also be evaluated in every aspect.
So before starting the evaluation, you should determine the important aspects of an evaluation activity. Then select the main aspects/components that will determine/key the success or failure of the program/activity itself.
2. Designing the Evaluation Activities that will be Conducted later
So that this evaluation activity is right on target and can produce the desired output, then first design the evaluation system that you will use.
This evaluation design includes some required data, desired results, and an evaluation method.
3. Collecting Evaluation Data
If the evaluation design has been made, then you can collect some of the necessary data, with evaluation methods and scientific principles that can later be accounted for.
4. Processing and Analyzing Data
Some of the data that has been collected will be analyzed first and then processed. To facilitate the process of analyzing and processing the data, it is better to create a group of the data itself.
Use appropriate analytical tools so that the resulting facts can be trusted. Then do a comparison with the plan at the beginning.
5. Reporting the Results of the Evaluation
This report stage is the final stage in the evaluation that has been carried out, the aim is that it can be utilized by interested parties.
So the results of the evaluation must be documented, in writing and then stored properly.
The definition of evaluation with the meaning of assessment or measurement is different, so you cannot equate evaluation with the assessment/measurement itself. The real definition of evaluation is the process of determining the value of something.
It is different with measurement which is a comparison of results that already have a predetermined standard. Meanwhile, the meaning of assessment is making decisions by using information from the measurement results.
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