27 Understanding the City According to Experts (Full Discussion)

27 Understanding the City According to Experts (Full Discussion) – What comes to your mind when you hear the word city? Maybe some of you imagine that the city is a place to live, place of birth, overseas land and so on. Not! The city is not that simple, the city has a more specific definition.

In general, the city is an area with a myriad of activities and activities. City is the result of creation, taste, initiative and the most complicated and impossible human work throughout civilization.

27 Understanding the City According to Experts (Full Discussion)

The definition of a city can be heard differently depending on the point of view of each person, but usually refers to one main core of the definition. There are several experts who have defined the city based on the research they have done. We see the review below.

Understanding the City According to the Experts

Here are the experts who have defined the city from the results of their research.

1. SMSAI (Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area) USA – Canada

A city is a place that:

• The population is 50,000 people or a combination of 2 cities with a total population of 50,000 people.
• It is a combination of small towns with a population of approximately 15,000 each.
• Shows the relationship between economic and social aspects.
• 75% of the population works in the non-agricultural sector.
• The majority of the population works in the city.
• The population density is 375 people / hectare.

2. Bintarto

The city as a network unit of human life is characterized by a high population density and characterized by heterogeneous socio-economic strata and materialistic features. The urban community consists of natives of the area and immigrants. Urban society is a heterogeneous society, both in terms of livelihood, religion, customs, and culture.

3. UU no. 22 yrs. 1999 About Regional Autonomy

A city is an area that has non-agricultural main activities with the structure of the function of the area as a place for government services, social services and economic activities.

4. Spatial Dictionary

Cities are settlements with relatively large population, limited area, generally non-agricultural in nature, and relatively high population density.

5. Louis Wirth

Cities are relatively large, dense, and permanent settlements, inhabited by people of heterogeneous social standing.

6. Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia No. 4 yrs. 1980

A city is a place that has administrative boundaries such as a municipality and an administrative city. The city also means an urban environment that has non-agricultural characteristics, for example the district capital, the sub-district capital which functions as a growth center.

7. Jorge E. Hardoy

The features of the city are:

• The size and number of the population is large in terms of time and place.
• Permanent.
• Minimum density with respect to time and place.
• Urban structures and layouts as intended by roadways and real urban spaces.
• A place where people live and work.
• Minimum specified urban functions, i.e. include a market, an administrative or government center, a military center, a religious center, or a center of intellectual activity together with same.
• Heterogeneity and hierarchical differentiation in society.
• An urban economic center that connects an agricultural area on the edge of the city and processes raw materials for wider marketing.
• As a service center for the local environmental areas.
• The center of distribution, has a philosophy of urban life at that time and place.

8. Max Weber

A city is a place where the inhabitants can fulfill most of their economic needs in the local market. Characteristics of the city is the market as a fortress and has its own legal system and is cosmopolitan.

9. Arnold Tonybee

The city is not only a special settlement but is a special complex and each city shows its own personal manifestation.

10. Ir. Sutami

Cities are seen as koldip (collection, distribution and production).

11. Grunfield

A city is a settlement with a population density higher than the national population density non-agricultural livelihoods, and diverse land use systems, and are covered by tall buildings located close together.

12. Amos Rappoport

Amos Rappoport divides the definition of the city into two definitions, namely the classic definition and the modern definition.

• Classic definition
  A city is a relatively large, dense and permanent settlement, consisting of groups of individuals who are socially heterogeneous.
• Modern Definition
  The city is a settlement that is formulated not from the morphological characteristics of the city but from a function that creates effective spaces through the organization of certain spaces and hierarchies.

13. Minister of Home Affairs Regulation No. 2 yrs. 1987

The city is the center of settlements and population activities that have administrative boundaries that are regulated in laws and regulations, as well as settlements that have shown the character and characteristics of urban life.

14. Alan S. Burgers

A city is a permanent (permanent) settlement with a heterogeneous population it is equipped with various integrated facilities to form a social and so on.

15. National Urban Development Strategy

The city as a service center for production, distribution and services that support economic growth in the surrounding area.

16. John Brickerhoff Jackson

The city is a human habitation which is a manifestation of planning and design that is fulfilled by various elements such as buildings, roads and green open spaces.

17. Djoko Sujarto

City has the following meanings:

• Demographics
  High population density with high density compared to the surrounding area.
• Sociology
  The existence of heterogeneous nature, culture - urbanization that dominates village culture.
• Economy
  There is a dominant proportion of jobs around non-agriculture such as industry, services, transport and traders.
• Physique
  The dominance of the built area and the built structure.
• Administration
  An area of ​​authority that is limited by a jurisdictional area determined based on applicable regulations.

18. Marx and Engels

The city as an association formed to protect property rights and reproduce the means of production and the tools needed so that each member can defend himself. According to them, the difference between the city and the countryside is the great separation between spiritual and material activities. Individuals are divided into these two types of labor, which causes them to experience alienation.

19. Bhudy Tjahyati Soegiyoko

The city as a service center, production, as well as a gateway or transportation node for residential areas and surrounding production areas.

The city as a place to live most of the city's population, every year the number is always increasing.

20. Directorate General of Human Settlements

A city is a settlement with a relatively large population, limited area, generally non-agricultural in nature, relatively high population density, group of people in a certain number and residing in a certain geographical area, tend to have a pattern of rational, economic, and social relations individualistic.

21. Kostof

The city is the destination and the last memory of our struggle and glory. it is where pride from the past is displayed.

22. Hofmeister

The city is a spatial concentration of human habitation and workplace. growth is largely due to immigrants. and able to serve the needs of goods and services for areas that are far away.

23. Harris and Ullman

The city is the center of settlement and the use of the earth by humans. In that place, superior humans exploit the earth. This is evidenced by the city's very rapid growth and continuous expansion.

24. Christaller

The city is a service center that functions as an organizer and provider of services for the surrounding area. So, at first the city was not a settlement, but a service center. How far the city becomes a service center depends on how far the surrounding areas (villages) use the city's services.

25. Minister of Home Affairs Regulation

According to the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs number 2 of 1987 concerning Guidelines for the Preparation of City Plans. Cities are settlements and activities of residents that have administrative boundaries that are regulated in laws and regulations and settlements that have shown the character and characteristics of life urban. Meanwhile, urban is a collection of settlement centers that play a role in a development area and/or National Area as a service node.

26. Branch

According to Branch, the city is defined as the residence of several thousand or more residents, while the urban is defined as a place to live as a built-up area with structures and roads, as a settlement concentrated in an area of ​​high density certain.

27. Minister of Home Affairs number 34 of 1986

In the Minister of Home Affairs Number 34 of 1986 concerning the Implementation of Permendagri Number 7 of 1986 concerning Boundaries City Areas Throughout Indonesia, the characteristics of urban areas can be seen from the physical and social aspects economy.

The explanation above is the core of our discussion about what the real city is, from the understanding of the experts above, of course we can conclude the meaning of the real city. I hope the article 27 Understanding the City According to Experts (Full Discussion) can be useful for all of us. Thanks.

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