Definition of River and its Qualifications (Full Discussion)

Definition of River and its Qualifications (Full Discussion) Water is one of the sources of life on this earth. One element that is very important for human life and even half of the human body is water.

From the explanation above, of course we know that water is very important for the survival of humans and other living things. But it turns out that water can also bring disasters such as floods, landslides, tsunamis etc. One of the causes of flooding is due to indiscriminate dumping of garbage in the river. So to protect the environment in order to avoid flooding, we should not throw garbage in the river.

Definition of River and its Qualifications (Full Discussion)

Speaking of rivers, do you know what a river is? What are the classifications of rivers and their kinds? In this discussion, let's talk about rivers.

Definition of River

A river is a part of the earth's surface that is lower than the surrounding land and is a place for fresh water to flow into the sea, lake, swamp or other river. In general, each river flow is divided into three parts, namely the upstream, middle and downstream parts.

River classification

Here are the various types of rivers.

Based on the water source

Rivers are divided into 3 types, namely: rain rivers, glacier rivers and mixed rivers.

• rainy river, is a river whose water comes from rainwater.
• Glacier, is a river whose water comes from melting ice.
• mixed river, is a river whose water comes from melting ice (glaciers), from rain, and from springs.

Based on the water discharge (water volume)

Rivers are divided into 4 types, namely permanent rivers, periodic rivers, epsodic rivers, and ephemeral rivers.

• Permanent, is a river whose water discharge is relatively constant throughout the year.
• Periodic, is a river that has a lot of water during the rainy season, while in the dry season it has little water.
• Episodic, is a river that in the dry season the water is dry and in the rainy season the water is a lot.
• Ephemeral, is a river that has water only during the rainy season.

Based on the origin of the incident (genetics)

Rivers are divided into 5 types, namely consequent rivers, subsequent rivers, obsequent rivers, sequel rivers, and sequential rivers.

• consequent, is a river whose water flows along the initial slope.
• Subsequent, or strike valley is a river whose water flow follows the rock strike.
• Obsequent, is a river whose water flow is in the opposite direction to the consequent river.
• Resequence, is a river whose water flows following the direction of the slope of the rock layers and empties into a subsequent river.
• Insequent, is a river that flows without being controlled by lithology or geological structure.

Based on the geological structure

Rivers are divided into 2, namely antecedent rivers and superposed rivers.

• antecedent, is a river that maintains the direction of its water flow even though there is a transverse geological structure (rock).
• Superposed, is a transverse river, its structure and processes are guided by the rock layers that cover it.

Based on the flow pattern

Rivers are divided into 6 types, namely radial, dendritic, trellis, rectangular, and annular.

• Radial or finger, this type is divided into two, namely:
  1. Centrifugal, is a flow pattern that spreads away from the center.
  2. Centripetal, is a flow pattern that collects towards the center.
• Dendritic, is an irregular flow pattern.
• Trellis, is a flow pattern that is pinnate like a leaf.
• rectangular, is a flow pattern that forms a right angle or almost 90º the river forms an acute angle.
• annular, is a river flow pattern that forms a circle.

Meander

Meander is a meandering river that was formed due to deposition. The winding process of the river starts from the upstream river. In the upstream, the volume of water is small and the energy generated is also small. As a result the river began to avoid obstacles and seek the easiest route to pass.

Meanwhile, in the upstream, there has not been any deposition. In the middle, where the area starts to flatten, the water flow starts to slow down and forms a meander. The meander process occurs on the river bank, both the part and the outside. In the part of the river where the flow is fast, erosion will occur, while the side of the river where the flow is slow will occur sedimentation.

If this continues, it will form a meander. Meanders are usually formed in downstream rivers, where erosion and deposition occur successively. The deposition process that occurs continuously will cause the bend of the river to be cut off and separated from the river flow, so that it is formed oxbow lake.

Delta

When the flow of water approaches an estuary, such as a lake or sea, the velocity of the flow becomes slower. As a result, sediment is deposited by river water. Sand will be deposited while clay and silt will still be transported by water. After a long time, layers of sediment will be formed. Finally, the layers of sediment form a wide plain on the part of the river that approaches its mouth and forms a delta. Examples of this landscape are the deltas of the Musi, Kapuas, and Brantas rivers.

That's our discussion about Definition of River and its Qualifications (Full Discussion), hopefully can increase our knowledge of rivers and their qualifications and hopefully useful. Thanks.

Source: Geography Aspirations for SMA semester 2

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