Chronological Conjunctions: Definition, Characteristics, Types, Examples

Conjunction or also referred to as a conjunction is a word that can connect between sentences, where the sentence will later become a compound sentence, and on this occasion, we will discuss conjunctions Chronological.

For more information regarding Chronological Conjunctions, please read the reviews below.

What is Chronological Conjunction

In Indonesian, a chronological conjunction is a word that links two or more clauses which will describe the time sequence of events.

This chronological conjunction is needed to compose narratives, news, short stories, and other explanatory texts that will describe a chronology.

In general, chronological conjunctions have a function to unite a word to create a clear and complete sentence.

Not only that, this type of conjunction also has a purpose to connect the clause with the main clause.

Chronological conjunctions generally contain words that describe a sequence of events.

Starting from the description of time, place, cause, to effect. Then, the conjunction can also be inserted with a comma if needed.

Chronological Conjunction Function

As with other conjunctions, this type of chronological conjunction of course has a function as a conjunction, but there are some special functions such as:

• Arrange the explanatory text to make it more perfect. Explanatory text itself is a text that is used to explain a process or series of events.
• It is used to create narrative texts, drama texts, short stories and other types of texts that have word sequences or events in them.
• It is used to make news texts that require type text to be made by explaining a process and the course of an event so that it can be easier to understand.

Characteristics of chronological conjunctions

To distinguish chronological conjunctions from other types of conjunctions, there are several main characteristics of chronological conjunctions as follows:

1. The clause is Intact

Examples of chronological conjunction sentences have a unique feature, namely that the clauses have a complete form.

The form of this one clause can have the same or different chronology with other clauses.

The function of using conjunctions here is to explain the sentence.

2. Uniting Clauses

This one conjunction will generally only appear in sentences that have two complete clauses.

The position of the conjunction can be in the middle of the sentence after the comma or at the beginning of the sentence.

Later, the meaning of the sentences will become clear based on the time of the event.

3. Have a comma

If the chronological conjunction is in the middle, then there must be a comma that follows the sentence and is placed before the conjunction.

While the conjunction that is in front does not need a comma in the sentence.

4. Have Many Shapes

Although the form of the clause is intact, the form of the clause is very free.

Sentences can contain cause and effect, there is time to explain events, to place information which becomes additional information between clauses.

Types and Examples of Chronological Conjunctions

The following are some types and also examples of chronological conjunctions, including:

1. First second Third

This type of conjunction is often found in procedure texts.

The first, second, third and subsequent words indicate a step or the way an action is carried out.

The use of this one conjunction will indirectly indicate that the chronology must be done in a coherent manner.

Example of sentences:

• First, you have to turn on the gas oven first and look at the indicator light.
• Second, you put all the cleaned vegetables into boiling water.
• Third, mix all the ground spices in a saucepan and stir until evenly distributed.
• Fourth, make sure the state of your room remains bright so that the variable state remains warm.

2. Before

Before has meaning if there are two events that are done at the same time.

One clause that occurs has another clause at the previous time. Before can be placed at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.

Example of sentences:

• We should not run, before doing the warm-up first.
• They will not make up, until one of them decides to leave.
• Before I was born, my mother and father had lived in America for three years.
• Before we start the lesson, we should first pray according to our respective religions.

3. After or After

After or after have the same meaning.

Which means, between the two clauses occur at different times. Interestingly, you can put these two words at the front of the sentence by using a comma in the middle.

Example of sentences:

• After the midday prayer, Siti went to the library to make homework that she had not done.
• After I left the Indonesian class, I then went to the canteen to eat with friends.
• He decided to eat chicken rica - rica after selecting the menu for thirty minutes.
• I had a fever and chills after receiving the vaccine injection.

4. Then

In KBBI, then has a later meaning.

Which means, when this conjunction is used, there is another part of the clause that will follow later.

The two clauses also have different times of occurrence. In general, the word then is in the middle of the sentence.

Example of sentences:

• Dinda went to the supermarket at 3 pm, then Dinda picked up her sister at the tutoring center.
• Put the water in the cup, then you add the vanilla flavored creamer.
• My parents visited Medan, then took a walk in Bogor for a month.
• My sister played in the garden, then cried because she slipped.

5. Meanwhile

If this word appears in an example of a chronological conjunction, it means that there are two clauses in a sentence that occur simultaneously.

When the first clause occurs, the second clause appears at the same time although it can be slightly different in time.

Example of sentences:

• My father is washing the car. Meanwhile, mother was busy washing the dishes.
• I don't bring English books to school. Meanwhile, Koko did not bring her pen.
• When the thunder sounded, I was studying. Meanwhile, my sister was fast asleep in the room.
• Many people have to work from home. Meanwhile, there are also those who have to be willing to lose their jobs.
• We don't understand the explanation. Meanwhile, he kept on talking.

6. Start – Start

This one word is similar to "first" which is the opening in a text in the form of a procedure.

The first word is usually at the very front of the sentence which is a marker if the clause is about to start.

Example of sentences:

• At first, bring the water to a boil on the stove over medium heat.
• At first, little sister did not think that I would come with my parents.
• At first, the meat must be cleaned first using a cloth.
• At first, they did not know that the judge of the match was Gilang.

7. Since that

This one conjunction has a meaning if there is a clause that begins since the other clause has existed.

This one phrase can be placed in the front or in the middle.

Example of sentences:

• My father once left us. Since then, our lives have also changed.
• We decided to split up. Since then, we never contacted each other again for any purpose.
• 2021 is the year we move to Purwokerto. Since then, we never went to Malang.
• The frog is often in front of the house. Since then, I've been terrified.
• My friend is angry because I lied to him. Since then, we never contacted each other again.

8. Then

This one word resembles the role of "then" which means to explain if there is another clause after the first clause.

The first clause takes place first, then the second clause is followed. The last word tends to appear in the middle of a sentence.

Example of sentences:

• His cat sniffed me, then he let me into the house.
• The red light flashed, then he drove back his car using high speed.
• The car had an engine problem, then died while in the middle of the toll road.
• I used to live in a small boarding house, then now I moved to a luxury apartment.
• He walked over to the woman and offered her a beautiful flower.

9. Eventually

This one phrase usually indicates if a clause occurs as a result of the existence of another clause.

Similar to cause - effect, this one phrase will appear at the beginning of the sentence after the complete clause is completed by using a period.

Example of sentences:

• In the end, he would still return to the city to be with his family.
• In the end, a reality will find its way.
• In the end, he always bothered me every night.
• In the end, they decided to keep working despite being in a toxic environment.

The role of several words in chronological conjunctions has a very important role in a compound sentence.

Not only being a liaison, these words also clearly explain an event that occurred based on the chronology of time.