Definition of Research Instruments According to Experts and Types

Definition of Research Instruments According to Experts and Types – In a scientific research there is one thing that must be considered, namely the research instrument or often referred to as a data collection tool.

Definition of Research Instruments According to Experts and Types

On this occasion, About Knowledge will discuss about what is meant by research instruments put forward by experts in the field of research and what are the types of research instruments.

Definition of Research Instruments

Research instrument or Data Collection Equipment (PPE) is a tool to obtain data. This tool must be selected according to the type of data desired in the study.

according to Suharsimi ArikuntoResearch instrument is a tool that is chosen & used by researchers in carrying out their activities to collect data so that these activities become systematic & facilitated by them.

Meanwhile, according to Ibn Hajar, the research instrument is a measuring instrument used to obtain quantitative information about the characteristic & objective variables. The types of data in question include:

• Quantitative Data
  Is a type of data relating to the amount or quantity that can be calculated or symbolized by quantity measures.
• Qualitative Data
  Is a type of data related to quality values ​​such as very good, good, moderate, sufficient, less and others.
• Nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio data.
• Primary or secondary data.

Instruments are easy to imagine if what is being measured is tangible (clear). And it's hard to imagine if what is being measured is intangible. A good instrument must be valid and reliable (steady or trustworthy).

For the definition of a valid instrument is an instrument that accurately measures what should be measured. The instrument is reliable if the measurement results are steady or consistent. Instruments as data collection tools play a very important role in a study. Because without a good instrument, it is impossible to obtain data that can really be trusted, so that it can lead to wrong conclusions.

Therefore, the research instrument must be set appropriately so that it can answer the problems in the research and test the hypothesis.

Types of Research Instruments

The types include:

Test

It is a measuring tool given to individuals to get the expected answers, both in writing and orally. The results of this measurement are mostly used for quantitative data, which generally uses interval data measuring instruments so that they can be processed using statistical techniques.

Interview

Interviews or interviews are one of the very good data collection tools to find out one's opinions, responses, motivations, feelings and projections for the future. The interview method is used if the data needed is mostly in the minds of the respondents. Therefore, interviews are widely used in qualitative perception studies.

Observation

Widely used to measure individual behavior or the process of occurrence of an activity that can be observed. According to Sutrisno Hadi, observation is observation and systematic recording of the phenomena being investigated.

Questionnaire or Questionnaire

Is an investigation of a problem that generally involves a lot of public interest (many people), carried out by circulating a list of questions in the form of forms submitted in writing to a number of subjects to obtain written answers or responses necessary. (Kartini Kartono, Introduction to Social Research Methodology, p.200).

Documentation

Documentation is a form of preservation, archives or relics that are immortalized. It is used to obtain data directly from the research site, such as the literature relevant, magazines, activity reports, diaries, meeting minutes, and several documents related to study.

Measurement Scale

The scale is a tool to measure attitudes, values, interests, talents, attention, motivation, which are arranged in the form of a statement to be assessed by the respondent and the results in the form of a range of numerical values ​​according to the criteria made by researchers.

So that's the discussion about Definition of Research Instruments According to Experts and Types, hopefully useful, thank you so much.

Read also:

• 10 Understanding Problems and How to Get Research Problems
• Writing Good and Right Scientific Papers (Full discussion)
• Research Stages and Explanations (Full Discussion)
• Definition of Money Market, Objectives, Functions, Characteristics, Benefits, Actors, Instruments & Types of Transactions
• 18 Definition of Research According to Experts (Full Discussion)