5 Characteristics of New Prose in Indonesian

According to Irman et al (2008) what is meant by. Prose is a literary work in the form of a story that is free, not bound by. rhyme, rhythm, and sweetness of sound like poetry. The language used in. prose is language daily. Meanwhile, according to E. Kosasih (2008), which is. What is meant by prose is a literary work that is arranged in the form of a story or. narrative. Prose is generally a hybrid of monologue and dialogue forms. Therefore, prose is also called graft text. In text. grafting, the narrator or author grafts his mind into. the thoughts of the characters so that dialogue arises between the characters, even though the dialogues are the thoughts of the author.

Based on the history of the development of Indonesian literature, prose can be divided into two groups, namely old prose and new prose. Old prose is a masterpiece literature An archipelago that has not been influenced by European literature. Kinds of old prose namely saga, framed story, and fairy tale. While the new prose is a literary work that has been influenced by Western literature.

New types of prose namely nonfiction prose (biography and autobiography, criticism, essays), and fictional prose (short stories, novels, romances). On this occasion, we will only review the new prose related to the characteristics and examples of each.

New Prose Definition

The new prose is one of types of prose in Indonesian which is heavily influenced by Western literature. According to Irman et al (2008), as a literary work, new prose is divided into two types, namely fiction prose and non-fiction prose.

1. Fiction prose is prose in the form of fiction or imagination of the author. The content of the story is not entirely based on facts. Prose fiction Also called suggestive or imaginative narrative essay. As for types of fiction prose are short stories, novels, and romances. Fiction prose has intrinsic and extrinsic elements that build and influence prose fiction. Which includes the intrinsic elements of the new prose, namely the theme, plot/plot, characterizations, setting/settings, mandate, author's point of view, and style language. Meanwhile, the extrinsic elements of the new prose are the author's biography, situation, and social conditions.
2. Nonfiction prose is an essay that is not based on the author's imagination or imagination, but contains things in the form of information factual (reality) or based on the author's observations. This essay is expressed in a systematic, chronological, or flashback manner using semi-formal language. This essay is in the form of exposition, persuasion, description, or a mixture. Non-fiction prose is also known as semi-scientific essay. As for types of nonfiction prose or types of semi-scientific essays are articles, editorials, opinions, features, tips, biographies, reports, advertisements, speeches, criticisms, essays, and so on.

New Prose Features

The new prose has some special features that distinguish it from the old prose. The characteristics of the new prose are as follows.

1. Written

Unlike the old prose which is known as oral literature because it is disseminated orally, new prose is generally shaped and disseminated in written form. This is in line with the development technology after the invention of the printing press. Because of this, all kinds of new prose were written, printed, and disseminated in book form.

2. Realistic

Generally, the new prose raises social problems. With say On the other hand, the theme of the new prose is generally people's daily life, for example, about customs, work, household issues, the gap between the elderly and the elderly. and youth, urban life, individual human problems, nationalism, poverty, human rights violations, injustice, political conflict, and etc. Examples are Azab and Sengsara by Merari Siregar, Layar Terkembang by Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana, From Ave Maria to Another Way to Rome by Idrus, Atheis by Achdiat Karta Mihardja, and others etc.

3. Dynamic

A literary work like the new prose will too. undergoes changes over time. Changes that occur. generally related to the form as well as problems or themes raised in prose. new, which is usually very closely related to social situations and conditions. when the new prose was created. We can see this from the periodization of the works. Indonesian prose formulated by Rachmat Djoko Prodopo (1995) which consists of: from Balai Pustaka Period (20-30s), New Pujangga Period, 1945 Period, 50th Generation Period, 70th Generation Period, 90s Period, and Period. 2000s.

• Library Period. This period lasted approximately 20 years and weakened in the 1940s. The types of prose that developed in this period were romances and novels that were regional in nature with the theme of adat problems, the gap between the old and the young. Examples of prose from the Balai Pustaka period are Abdul Muis' Salah Asuhan (romance) and Selasih's If Not Profit (novel).
• The New Poet Period. This period lasted from 1930 to 1945. The types of prose that developed in this period were romance and story short with the theme of individual human problems and nationalism. Examples of prose from the New Pujangga period include Sutan Takdir Alisyahbana's Layar Terkembang and Armijn Pane's Belenggu.
• 1945 period. This period lasted from the 1940s until the end of the 1950s. Various types of prose in this period were influenced by the conditions at that time when Indonesia was being colonized by Japan. The types of prose that developed during this period were short stories with the theme of social problems such as poverty, human rights violations, injustice, and others. Examples of new prose short stories in this period, among others, Dari Ave Maria to Another Way to Rome (a collection of short stories) by Idrus and Atheis by Achdiat Karta Mihardja.
• Batch Period 50. This period lasted for approximately 20 years, namely between the 1950s and 1970s. The various types of prose of this period were greatly influenced by the situation and conditions at that time Indonesia are in the system democracy liberal parliamentary. The number of parties in Indonesia at that time was very large and each party had its own cultural institution as an effort to socialize the ideology of each party. Not a few writers who are members of cultural institutions from political parties so that the resulting literary works tend to socialize the ideology of the party. However, for writers who do not join cultural institutions formed by political parties, they tend to be more neutral in expression and focus more on humanity. The themes of literary works at that time were problems of political conflict, everyday people's lives, and protests against the policies of the Old Order. Examples of new prose short stories and novels in this period include Pulang (a novel) by Toha Mochtar and Di Tengah Padang (a collection of short stories) by Bokor Hutasaut.
• Force Period 70. This period lasted from the 1960s to the end of the 1980s. The 70th Generation period was much influenced by the situation and conditions at that time which was a transition period from the Old Order to the New Order. In addition, the currents of Western culture were so strong that they influenced various types of literature at that time. The problem raised is the problem of value traditional and modern. Novel prose examples in this period, including Putu Wijaya's Station and Budi Darma's Olenka.
• The 90s period. This period lasted during the 1990s. This period was motivated by the current situation and conditions, one of which was the fall of the New Order regime. The themes raised are generally about socio-political. The types of prose that developed at that time were: poetry, novels, short stories newspaper and Islamic short stories.
• 2000s Force Period. This period lasts from 2000 to the present. In this period, women writers showed off their various works with the theme of feminism and Islamic fiction. An example is the Ode to Leopold Von Sacher Masoch by Djenar Maesa Ayu.

4. Not anonymous

If the old prose is not known who the author's name is because it is widely disseminated oral then the new prose is always known who is the author's name. This is because various types of prose have just been disseminated in written form and printed in book form so that it can be documented and the author's name known.

5. Influenced by Western literature

One of difference between old prose and new prose lies in the influence of Western literature. The new prose is more influenced by Western literature than the old prose. If old prose in Indonesian has roots fromtraditionculture native to Indonesia, various types of new prose such as short stories, novels, romances, or novelets are actually influences from Western literary traditions. This influence was obtained in line with the arrival of the Western invaders to Indonesia. Prose originating from the Western tradition was then adopted for the first time by Indonesian writers through translation and adaptation. Then, Indonesian writers created their own new prose written in Indonesian. This new prose in Indonesian began to develop since the 1920s until now.

Thus a brief review of the characteristics of the new prose. Other articles that can be read include example of short novel, example of a translated novel, short essay example, and short critique example. Hope it is useful. Thank you.