50 Types of Poetry and Examples and Explanations

November 09, 2021
InPoetry New Poetry Old Poetry Poetry New Poetry Old Poetry Contemporary Poetry Example Of Poetry

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Poetry. Who doesn't know this word? Poetry is one of the forms of literature that serves as an expression of the feelings of the poet. The word poetry comes from the ancient Greek "poema", /ποιῶ (poiéo/poió) = I create which means "to create". In short, poetry can be interpreted as a literary work that is composed with solid concentration. Concentration is emphasized on the physical structure and inner structure of the poem, so that it can be easily understood by the reader and the audience.

Definition of Poetry

In the 2016 KBBI, poetry is a variety literature whose language is bound by rhythm, mantra, rhyme and arrangement of lines and stanzas; rhyme. This understanding explains that poetry has regularity even though it was created freely by the poet. However, the creation of poetry at this time is different from the past, before the development of science and art made technical progress.

Not much different, Pradopo (1995:27) reveals that poetry is a poet's emotional representation which is designed to become literature full of meaning and impression. The definition of poetry according to Pradopo illustrates that poetry is created from the emotional side of the poet to reveal and convey messages to the audience. Thus it can be interpreted that poetry is another form of literary work that comes from the inner influence of a poet and is beautifully expressed with its physical structure and inner structure.

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Nowadays, poetry is increasingly in demand by talented young poets and art connoisseurs. This is because the creation of poetry is no longer bound by the technical rules that existed in the old poetry era (until 1920). The division of these rules resulted in a collective agreement to sort out the types of poetry and their explanations based on their temporal and physical characteristics. The types of poetry are divided into old poetry and new poetry which are described in the following description.

Poetry Classification

Poetry is classified according to the time of its creation by the poet. There are two categories of poetry that are generally used as a method of determining the type of poetry. Old poetry and new poetry are two types of poetry which are categorized according to their time of creation and technical structure. There is one other type of poetry, namely contemporary poetry which is the category of the freest form of poetry today.

1. Old Poetry (until 1920s)

Old poetry is poetry that is physically still bound by the rules of creation. The creation rules in question include:

Number of words in one line
Number of lines in one stanza (± 4 lines)
Having rhyme (rhyme) Rhyme is a form of repetition of sounds that arise by letters or words in lines and stanzas.

Example :

Rattling
Floating
Sighing

The three words experience the form of repetition of the basic sounds of patter, apung, and sigh.
The number of syllables in each line
Have a rhythm

Some of the types of poems that are included in old poetry include:

1.1. Spell

Mantra is a word or utterance in the past that is believed to have supernatural powers. Usually spells are revealed by someone who is trusted by certain community groups to be used as a medium for healing diseases and the like.

Example of a spell:

a. Stomach pain medicine

The digger's bracelets
Maluku to rice
Your original cloudy milk is so
Who am I not beeping

b. Mantras cure from disturbances of spirits

Betel lontar areca lontar
Located at the end of the earth
Blind demon blind gnome
Who am I not beeping

c. Deer hunting spell

Betel lontar areca lontar
Located at the end of the estuary
Blind ghost blind gnome
I lift up the deer gnome

1.2. Pantun

Pantun (read: types of poetry) is the form poetry an old rhyme that has a-b-a-b, each line contains 8 -12 syllables. The first two lines in the rhyme are sampiran (introduction), while the next two lines are called contents. Each stanza contains four lines.

Example of a poem:

Raft upstream
Swim to the shore
Get sick first
Have fun then
kandis acid gelugur
The three sours are carefree
Crying corpses at the door of the grave
Remember the body does not pray
Cane trees grow evenly
Go to the market to buy meat
Many treasures poor knowledge
Like a house without walls

1.3. Karmina

Karmina is a very short form of rhyme. Karmina is often referred to as a flash rhyme. Consists of two arrays, which in the first array is called sampiran, while the second array is called contents.

Example of carmine:

Buy catfish at the market
Don't talk about trivial issues
There is no ummah as smart as the Prophet
Seek knowledge before you die
Hot water in a pot
Not worthy of self-praise
Wren pecks sweet potato
Beauty is virtuous
Beautiful saman dance move it
The sign of faith is open chest

1.4. Seloka

Seloka is a form of interrelated rhyme. Seloka is part of Classical Malay poetry which contains advice. Usually verse is written in two or four lines, sometimes it is also written in six lines. Seloka is included in free poetry.

Example of verse:

Have met love
Sitting cooped up night and day
Until the steps are not tenuous
The joints are shaking
Randang's mother is good
Trade and then grow
There is no wood, the house is torn down
Children come home hungry
The child is placed on the lap
Monkey in the forest being breastfed

1.5. Gurindam

Gurindam is an old form of poetry that has characteristics in which there is a stanza consisting of two lines, has rhyme a-a-a-a. Gurindam contains a lot of life advice. Therefore, in the past the Malay community in particular often used gurindam as a medium of advice generation his successor.

Gurindam Example:

Think before you say
In order to avoid cross disputes
If the child is not trained
If you grow up, your father is tired
Less thinking, less tactics
Of course you will get lost
Angry work don't defend
Then you lose your mind in your head
Signs of a very wretched person
His disgrace was unexpected

1.6. Poetry

Poetry is poetry that is characterized by advice or story in each stanza, rhyming a-a-a-a, contains four lines in one stanza. The four lines contain the poet's intention.

Example of poetry:

Speak politely
Study hard all the time
Knowledge never runs out
As a provision for all ages
Knowledge is not obtained quickly
Must have a strong heart
May God give you mercy
So keep your heart and intentions
And look fire it's towering
It feels like my soul is gone
Licking houses and things
Like a chick struck by an eagle

1.7. Talibun

Talibun (even verse) is a type of rhyme that consists of an even number (6, 8, 10) lines in each stanza.

Example of rope:

After branches with twigs
Peeled in the bark
Then the changing terrace is real
Soaring high
Soaring into the sky
Back to the land of Java
Padang people spinning yarn
Arranged freshly folded
Just folded in thirds
If it's stretched it's even long
Beautiful spun to make it short
So is our love
Go wander far away to the other country
Don't neglect to bring supplies in the form of food
If you get lost on the way, remember the map you brought
And don't be shy about going to people to ask questions
If you do good to everyone
Surely you will get good
Already you get the reward
In the world you will live happily

2. New Poetry (1920- present)

New poetry is poetry that no longer has the attachment to the rules of writing like the old poetry. It can be said that the new poetry has a free writing style, both in line, ethnic group words and rhymes. Several types of rhymes included in the new poetry include ballads; hymn; ode; epigram; romance; elegy; satire; discount; adultery; quatrains; quint; sect; septima; octave; sonata. In the following explanation, we will describe the new types of poetry.

2.1. Ballads

Ballad is a new poem that describes the story, consisting of 3 stanzas, with 8 lines each, rhyming a-b-a-b-b-c-c-b then switching to rhyme a-b-a-b-b-c-b-c.

Example of a ballad:

Ballads of Loved Ones
W.S Rendra

We take turns inhaling acid Coughing and suffocating weary Angry and scratching Love makes us survive with a faint glimmer of hope We walk Stumbled Thinking tired will disappear at the end of the tunnel of light But love doesn't bring us to understand each other Sometimes we feel lucky But we should reflect Will we reach the altar By running with a broken heart Why doesn't love teach us to stop pretend? We're melting and being eroded The sun's rays While we've forgotten how it feels to flow with life Forgetting the little things that used to be forgiven
Why do we hide from each other Why get angry with the circumstances? Why run when something swells if left alone? We believe in love The ulcers and not simple We are caught falling trapped In the ballad of loved ones

2.2. hymn

Hymns are new poems used to praise God, heroes or homeland.

Example of a hymn:

Hero Without Badge

Beautiful morning howling wind in the face
Cold covers the steps full of sincerity
Reflection is only for a success
Thinking only for a success
There is no lafaz as beautiful as your words
There is no antidote as beautiful as your smile
There is no day without a devotion
Sow the seeds of love without feeling tired
The days go by so fast
There is no saturation on your face
Your spirit continues to burn
Giving love without feeling bored
If you are going to walk away
I know your steps are full of sacrifice
If you are gone you will always be remembered
You are a hero without a badge.

2.3. Ode

Ode is a new form of poetry in the form of flattery to someone who is meritorious. The language style chosen in the creation of Ode is a type of language style that is elegant and polite because it is intended to praise.

Examples of Ode's poems:

My teacher…
You are my hero
Unsung heroes
You accompany me
My time at school
When I didn't know you
You taught me
Starting from Kindergarten
Until I got to college My teacher...
I will not forget all your services
Who has gone to great lengths to teach me
Until I can
Thank you, my teacher

2.4. Epigram

Epigram is a new type of poetry which contains the teachings of life.

An example of an epigram poem:

SONG OF DEATH

Death to me is just a term while the essence is the same because life and death are no different
what is different can we not interpret life in death and death in life
Because: humans are too busy fighting over the symbol of God without embracing the true meaning of God

2.5. Romance

Romance is a new type of poetry written by poets and contains a love story or the poet's feelings about love.

Examples of romantic poetry:

Where do you hide me?

When the night I have to stay awake Looking for your shadow on every wall of the night wall
Looking for a smile of yours in every corner of my eye And ending up reaping a field of pain
As the night goes on I still feel so close to a dream
Until the stars ask where am I hiding?
By :Roman Twig Bulan

2.6. Elegy

Elegy is a new kind of poetry that contains sadness.

Examples of elegy poetry:

Sunset at the Little Harbor

By: Chairil Anwar

Create Sri Ayati
This time no one is looking for love among the barn, the old house, on the story of poles and rigging.
Ships, boats without the sea, blow themselves in believing that they want to stick together.
The drizzle accelerates the darkness.
There is also an eagle's flap that alludes to somberly, the swish of the day running and swimming to find the lure of the root.
It doesn't move and now the land, the sleeping water, is gone wave.
No longer. I myself.
Walking along the peninsula, it's still stuffy, I hope to get to the end and goodbye from the fourth beach, so we can finally hug.

2.7. satire

Satire is a new poem that contains criticism.

Examples of satire poetry:

I ask

By: WS Rendra

I ask…
but my questions hit the foreheads of salon poets,
who rhymes about wine and the moon, while injustice is beside him, and eight million children without education, stupefied at the feet of the goddess of the arts.

2.8. DISCOUNT

Distikon is a rhyme that contains two lines sentence, in each stanza rhymes a-a.

Examples of distikon poetry:

Knowledge

O Ananda, seek knowledge through teachers and books
Don't give up then look at life peacefully
(Mohammad Ridwan)

2.9. Adultery

Terzina is a type of poetry in which each stanza consists of: from 3 lines

Examples of adulterous poetry:

In the bosom of happiness comes
Smiling like gold Smiling like sandalwood
In joy, love suddenly floats Shining like the sun
Colored like the sari of Dari; Madah Wandering
By: Sanusi Pane

2.10. Quatrain

Quatrains are poems that consist of 4 lines in each stanza.

Examples of quatrain poems:

Coming soon, memories of the past
Disappearing also appears, what used to be dazzling
Imagining the appearance too, Adi Kanda long ago
Makes the heart wither too longingly
(A.M. Daeng Myala)

2.11. Quint

The quint is a new poem in which each stanza contains five lines.

Examples of quint poems:

Only To Sir
One on one feeling
I can only say
To sir
Who ever felt the one and only anxiety
What I give up
I can only tell
To sir
The one who has been disturbed is restless The one and only reality
What can be felt
I can only state
To sir
Who refuses to accept reality
(Or. Mandank)

2.12. sect

Seket is a new poem that contains six lines in one stanza.

Examples of sect poetry:

Missing Bagia
If it's midnight
The wind stops from breathing
My soul feels sinking
In the boundless sea
Crying heart sliced sad
(Ipih)

2.13. Septima

Septima is a poem in which each stanza consists of seven lines.

Examples of septima poetry:

Indonesia Spill My Blood
Sitting on a beautiful land beach
Where the waves break
White foam on the loose sand
Look at the island in the green sea
The mountains look good
Spilled with precious water it seems
Spill my blood Indonesia's name
(Muhammad Yamin)

2.14. Octave

Octave is a new type of poetry in which each stanza contains 8 lines.

Example of an octave poem:

Clouds come drifting slowly
Feels like dreaming, feels like daydreaming
Getting longer, forget yourself
Getting smoother finally draw
And form is lost
In the brilliant blue sky
Thus my soul is gone now
In a calm life
(Sanusi Pane)

2.15. Sonnet

Sonata is a new poem consisting of 14 lines.

Example of a sonata poem:

Shepherd Whose feelings will not burn ( a )
Watching children sing songs (b)
Only one in the middle of the field ( b )
No shirt open head ( a )
This is the fate of the shepherd boy ( a )
Take shelter under a shady wood ( b )
Since morning leaving the cage ( b )
Coming home at dusk ( a )
Far away a little bit until ( a )
I heard the sound of chrysanthemum ( a )
Singing beautiful nature game (a)
O shepherd in the green sea ( c )
Listening to your puput obeying the buffalo ( c )
Let me obey you ( c )
(Muhammad Yamin)

3. Contemporary Poetry

Contemporary poetry is poetry that no longer talks about the shrewdness of the poet in language, but rather the typographical structure, and sometimes harsh language appears.

Examples of contemporary poetry:

O my sorrow, you are sad, you are sad, you are sad,
I'm restless, you're anxious, you're anxious, you're restless
I doubt you doubt you doubt teacher know your doubts
I want you want to know want to know what you want to know
I'm wasted, you're wasted, you're wasted, you're wasted
waswaswaswaswaswascauswaswaswaswasalisyouwaswaswaswaswaswaswaswaswaswaswaswas
my dear you, my dear, longing for you, dear you, dear sangsai
oku okau okosong orindu okalian obolong o worried o you O…

Characteristics of Old Poetry and New Poetry.

Some of the characteristics of a poem that can be called an old poem are:

The author's name is unknown (tends to be collective), often in the form of folk poetry
Bound by rules, the number of lines per stanza, the number of syllables in each line
Word of mouth (verbally), can be referred to as folklore
Majas (style language) used is fixed and cliché
Palacecentric, depicting the royal period

The characteristics of the new poetry include:

The author's name is clear
Not bound by the rules of free stanzas, lines, syllables, and rhymes
Expressed in oral and write
figurative language is dynamic
Describe life in general

The Inner Structure and Physical Structure of Poetry

At its creation, poetry represents the author's thoughts which are intended to media delivery message to his readers. Therefore, an assessment of poetry fulfills two structural functions, namely the inner structure and the structure of the poem. The explanation of the two structures contained in the poem will be described in the following material.

1. Inner Structure in Poetry

a. Theme or Meaning

In its creation, poetry uses language as a medium for delivering messages to readers. This ultimately raises the importance of the theme or initial meaning of the making of the poem. Poetry must have a theme and meaning that the reader can see even though it is abstract.

b. Tone

The tone in this structure is the attitude of the poet when giving intonation to his poetry, with the intention of beautifying the reading of the poem.

c. Flavor

Feeling is an important thing in the creation of poetry. The feeling in this case is the attitude of the poet in responding to all events which then inspires him to create poetry.

d. Mandate

Mandate is something that must be contained in every poem. Poetry as a work is not only entertaining, but also a medium for delivering advice to its readers.

2. Physical Structure in Poetry

a. rhyme

Rhyme or rhythm is the repetition of sound which is considered quite important in poetry because with the presence of rhyme, poetry can sound beautiful when read.

b. Imagination

Imagination conveyed through poetry serves to invite readers to share with their sensory experiences so that what the author writes is clearly reflected in the reader's mind.

c. Style language

The style of language in poetry is needed to provide a connotative picture to the reader imagination to the reader which will make it easier for them to understand the meaning stored in the poem the.

d. Diction

The choice of words is needed by the poet so that all messages can be conveyed correctly to the reader. Some laymen may not understand if the poet uses non-concrete words so that sometimes meaning or explanation is needed again in the next stanza to make it easier for the reader.

e. Typography

Typography is a technical rule on lines, stanzas that are not entirely filled with say-say. This can bring new meaning to the poem, especially for contemporary poetry.