12 Types of Paragraphs and Examples

Paragraph becomes one part from a discourse/reading. A quality writing depends on the development of each paragraph. Understanding the rules of paragraphs in order to produce good writing is very clear.

Paragraphs are made by developing a main idea. Paragraphs are composed of several sentences that are linked to form an idea or idea. The definition of a paragraph according to the KBBI is part of a chapter in an essay that usually contains one main idea and the writing begins with a new line.

Paragraphs are often called paragraphs which are composed of one main sentence (main idea) and several explanatory sentences (explanatory ideas). There is only one main idea/main idea in a paragraph where the explanatory sentence contains an explanation/details of sentence main.

Tagiran (2005: 1) argues that in a complete article, the main function of a paragraph is as an opening sign new ideas, developments for previous ideas and as an emphasis on ideas that have been expressed previously.

According to Tarigan (2005:3) the conditions that must be possessed by a paragraph are as follows:

• Paragraph Cohesion
• The existence of paragraph unity
• There are complete paragraphs

Paragraphs are divided into several types, namely the type of paragraph based on the nature and purpose (function), type of paragraph based on the position of the main sentence (place) and the type of paragraph based on its content (content) :

Paragraphs Based on the Nature and Purpose

There are actually many types of paragraphs, the first of which we will discuss based on the nature and purpose (Keraf (1980: 63-66)), namely:

1. Opening Paragraph

This paragraph is located at the beginning of a discourse. This paragraph serves as an opening or introduction to the contents of an essay to the reader. Before entering the content and core of the essay, this paragraph delivers and prepares the reader's mind to be more focused, and the content influences the reader to be interested in continuing the reading.

Example of an opening paragraph:

"Tomorrow the internet is coming" village we. The internet makes us see the world. The internet can also convey letter to our friends on the other side of the island, even to neighboring countries.” That is the sound of public service advertisements that can be watched on television. Imagine, through the internet we can access the latest news from all over the world. We can also find out the state of the rocket being tested in outer space.

With a blog, we can become writers by posting our work. In fact, we can even talk while gazing at pen pals who are in Australia through web camera. By just sitting in front of the computer, we can use the facilities chat,browsing, gaming, or surf.

2. Connecting Paragraph

This paragraph is located between the opening and closing of an essay. This paragraph contains the contents of an essay. A connecting paragraph describes the content and essence of an article. Nature of paragraph liaison according to the type of writing such as narrative, description, exposition, etc.

Example of a connecting paragraph:

Even so, don't forget that making friends with the internet there are rules that we should obey. If you don't know the rules of the game, making friends with the internet can be detrimental. Surely we've heard from TV or newspaper there is a child kidnapping, then the parents are asked to give a ransom in the form of money if they want their child back. It turned out that after being investigated, the kidnapping case started from a child's penchant for the internet such as: chat. The child unconsciously gave identity or his personal data to the person he invites chat even though that person is a criminal disguised as a child. It is very possible to remember chat can't see friends who are talking to real alias virtual.

So that this incident does not happen again, let alone happen to us, then we should follow the following rules:

1. Don't give data private to someone we don't know
2. Don't go alone when you want to meet friends chat
3. Not ashamed to ask parents/sisters
4. Don't access any site
5. Do not forget log out or sign out account when done
6. Be careful of viruses in certain software
7. Make an agreement on the use of the internet

3. Closing Paragraph

The closing paragraph is the paragraph at the end of an essay. Paragraphs serve as the closing of an essay. This paragraph shows the writing has ended, in the form of a conclusion, summary repetition, emphasis or final comment. The form is adapted to the needs and type of writing.

Here's an example for a closing paragraph:

Example of a closing paragraph:

The things above are not difficult to do, just need awareness, discipline and responsibility for ourselves. When that is done, the internet will be very useful for life, especially ourselves.

Types of Paragraphs Based on the Position of the Main Sentence

1. Deductive paragraph

A deductive paragraph is a paragraph that positions the main idea or main sentence at the beginning of a paragraph and is deductive in nature. Say deduction comes from language latin: deducere, dedectum deduxi, which means "to lead down"; or 'downgrade'; deductio means 'guide or delivery'.

This paragraph is a paragraph that begins with a general statement, then is elaborated and developed into a specific statement. Statements that are special in nature can be in the form of details, explanations, evidence and examples. Because the paragraph is developed from a general statement then put forward the statement – statements that are special in nature, we can say that the reasoning of the deductive paragraph is from the general to special.

Examples of discourse using deductive paragraphs:

Today, Indonesian culture has gradually become extinct. Children are familiar and memorized with foreign cultures. Children love stories Upin – Ipin, Spongebob, Avatar, Naruto, Marsha and The Bear, Frozen and other cartoons shown on television. Likewise, teenagers who are more fond of Korean dramas and films like Spiderman, Harry Potter, Batman rather than story native to the area like Malin Kundang, Timun Mas,Roro Jonggrang, Ande-ande Lumut, and so forth. In addition, in terms of games they prefer playing cards, puzzleUNO, and other games from PS or computer to online games instead of native games from our area such as ankle,gobak sodor, dakonan, gundu, stilts and so forth.

2. Inductive paragraph

An inductive paragraph is a paragraph that positions the main idea or main sentence at the end of a paragraph and is inductive. The word induction comes from the Latin: duxi, ducere,duct which means to bring to; or enter in. Furthermore, the term induction can be explained by a method of thinking that comes from a specific matter to determine the conclusion or law at the end of the paragraph. Because special sentences or statements can be in the form of explanations and examples, and general statements it is in the form of law or conclusion, so that inductive paragraphs develop from examples and details to conclusion.

Examples of discourse using inductive paragraphs:

It is undeniable that phenomenon what is currently developing are stories from abroad that are more familiar to children, including stories about Upin – Ipin, Spongebob, Avatar, Naruto, Marsha and The Bear, Frozen and other cartoons shown on television. Likewise, teenagers who are more fond of Korean dramas and films like Spiderman, Harry Potter, Batman rather than local stories like Malin Kundang. Golden cucumber,Roro Jonggrang, Ande-ande Lumut, and so forth. In addition, in terms of games they prefer playing cards, puzzleUNO, and other games from PS or computer to online games instead of native games from our area such as ankle,gobak sodor, dakonan, gundu, stilts and so forth. The things above indicate that nowadays foreign cultures are preferred and become a mecca for Indonesian children and young people.

3. Deductive-inductive paragraph

Deductive-inductive paragraphs are a combination of deductive and inductive paragraphs. In this deductive-inductive paragraph, the position of the main idea or main sentence at the beginning and end of a paragraph. A discourse that uses this type of paragraph is developed with general sentences at the beginning of the paragraph and the end of the paragraph while the sentences in the middle of the paragraph (between the first sentence and the last sentence) are specifically in the form of details or examples.

Examples of discourse using deductive-inductive paragraphs:

Era now Indonesian culture has gradually become extinct. Children are familiar and memorized with foreign cultures. Children love stories Upin – Ipin, Spongebob, Avatar, Naruto, Marsha and The Bear, Frozen and other cartoons shown on television. Likewise, teenagers who are more fond of drama korean and movies like Spiderman, Harry Potter, Batman rather than local stories like Malin Kundang, Timun Mas,Roro Jonggrang, Ande-ande Lumut, and so forth. In addition, in terms of games they prefer playing cards, puzzleUNO, and other games from PS or computer to online games instead of native games from our area such as ankle,gobak sodor, dakonan, gundu, stilts and so forth. The things above indicate that foreign cultures are preferred and become a mecca for children and teenagers Indonesia.

4. Inerative Paragraph

Inerative paragraphs are paragraphs that position the main idea or main sentence in the middle of a paragraph. A discourse that uses this type of paragraph is developed with special sentences at the beginning of the paragraph and the end of the paragraph in the form of details or examples, while the sentences in the middle of the paragraph (between the first sentence and the last sentence) are general.

Examples of discourse using inerative paragraphs:

Today's children are more fond of stories Upin – Ipin, Spongebob, Avatar, Naruto, Marsha and The Bear, Frozen and other cartoons shown on television. Likewise, teenagers who are more fond of Korean dramas and films like Spiderman, Harry Potter, Batman. Culture native indonesia has gradually become extinct. Local stories like Malin Kundang Timun Mas,Roro Jonggrang, Ande-ande Lumut, and so on are intentionally left out. In addition, in terms of games they prefer playing cards, puzzleUNO, and other games from PS or computer to online games instead of native games from our area such as ankle,gobak sodor, dakonan, gundu, stilts and so forth.

Types of Paragraphs Based on Content

The types of paragraphs based on their content are widely used, especially for those of you who want to become journalists.

1. Narrative paragraph

Narrative paragraph is a paragraph whose content relates to the type of narrative discourse. Narrative is a type of discourse that contains events or stories. Etymologically, narrative comes from Latin, namely narrare which means to tell or tell, narratio means storytelling and narrativus means storytelling.

(read: narrative paragraph)

Examples of discourse using narrative paragraphs:

Mr. Rudi is one of the honorary teachers in Grobogan Regency who teaches at SD N 1 Karangrejo every day. He continued to do this work until noon. From his work as an honorary teacher he only received a fee of Rp. 500.000,00, according to the UMP for teachers in Grobogan Regency. Even so, Mr. Rudi lived it with full sincerity in order to practice his knowledge.

2. Descriptive paragraph

Descriptive paragraph is a paragraph whose content is related to the type of descriptive discourse. Descriptive discourse is a type of discourse that contains a clear, detailed and complete information about something, whether a person, atmosphere, object, place, nature, animal or plant certain. Etymologically, descriptive comes from the Latin, namely describere which means to make a picture and descriptio which means to explain or describe.

In developing this paragraph the author describes something completely, carefully and in detail. So that the reader gets a clear picture of what is being told.

(read: description paragraph)

Examples of discourse that use descriptive paragraphs:

Grobogan's sky began to lighten. Even though the highway is narrow, there are not a few vehicles that crowd it and can be heard roaring. Schoolchildren dominate the streets. Workers also enlivened the streets in a hurry. Slowly the crowd of vehicles on the road reduced until noon. Although the streets are narrow, the trees around the streets provide shade for road users.

3. Expository paragraph

An expository paragraph is a paragraph whose content is related to the type of expository discourse. Expository discourse is a type of discourse that contains explanations, explanations and explanations of something, so that readers gain knowledge and insights that have been conveyed by the author.

The word expository comes from the Latin exponere, which means to spread or expose. In explaining it, the author mentions examples, processes or concrete evidence of something.

Examples of discourse using expository paragraphs:

Grobogan Regency is the second largest district in Central Java Province after Cilacap. Initially, Grobogan district had its capital in Grobogan District, but later moved to Purwodadi District. The typical food of this area is muddy. Some of the tourist attractions that we can visit in Grobogan Regency include Kedung Ombo, Jatitree View, fire immortal mrapen and Bledug Kuwu.

4. Argumentative paragraph

An argumentative paragraph is a paragraph whose content is related to the type of argumentative discourse. Argumentative discourse is a type of discourse that contains opinions, proofs, convictions, ideas, excuses, bases or arguments against something.

Argumentative comes from the Latin rguere which means to prove or convince someone and argumentatio means proof. In developing this paragraph, the author makes the reader believe by including concrete evidence in accordance with the existing facts. So that the reader can believe the author's argument.

Examples of discourse using argumentative paragraphs:

Air pollution occurs throughout the country, even in the Grobogan area, especially in the city of Purwodadi. Motor vehicles are the main source of pollution in this area. This causes the air to be polluted. The Environmental Agency of Grobogan Regency noted that in 2016 there was an increase in vehicle rates from the previous year, resulting in an increase in air pollutants by 125%.

5. Persuasive paragraph

A persuasive paragraph is a paragraph whose content is related to the type of persuasive discourse. Persuasion discourse is a type of discourse that contains an invitation, inducement or appeal to someone with a provide good reasons and prospects for those who believe, do something, or buy things certain.

Examples of discourse using persuasive paragraphs:

Grobogan Bersemi's slogan should not be just a claim. Motorized vehicles that bejubel has robbed us of clean air which is our right as citizens of Grobogan. It's no longer the time for us to scapegoat other people. The solution is, let's spring green plants around us.

The description of the use of paragraphs along with the examples in the sentence above is expected to be a reference for those of you who are studying the use of good and correct paragraphs. The types of paragraphs above are very important to use according to the function and purpose you want to convey through the writings / paragraphs that you make.