The Kingdom of Banten: History, Lineage, Kings, Fall, Relics

July 06, 2021
InMiscellanea

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Do you know about this kingdom? Yups Banten Kingdom. If you are still foreign to hear about this one kingdom, then yuksinau.id will provide a complete review of the Banten Kingdom.

Starting from history, territory, royal genealogy, kings who once ruled, to the relics that we can find today.

Don't bother anymore, come on see the reviews below.

Table of contents

History of the Kingdom of Banten

At the beginning of the 16th century, the Pajajaran area was the center of the Hindu kingdom, precisely in Pakuan or what is now called the city of Bogor.

The Kingdom of Pajajaran has important cities that rule in several cities, namely Banten, Sunda Kelapa (Jakarta) and Cirebon.

At that time, the Kingdom of Pajajaran had entered into cooperation with the Portuguese, so that the Portuguese were invited to build a fort and a trading office in Sunda Kelapa.

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To prevent Portuguese influence from the kingdom, then Sultan Trenggono sent Fatahilah as warlord from Demak to conquer the city under Pajajaran.

Furthermore, the Demak fleet succeeded in controlling Banten in 1526.

On June 22, 1527, Fatahilah also succeeded in controlling the Sunda Kelapa port which at that time That's why the name "Sunda Kelapa" was changed to "Jayakarta" or "Jakarta" which means city victory.

So that June 22 is used as the birthday of the city of Jakarta.

In a short time, the entire northern coast of West Java could be conquered by Fatahilah, it also caused Islam to spread in the West Java area.

Later, Fatahilah became a great scholar (wali) with the title Sunan Gunung Jati and led the area in Cirebon.

In 1552, Hasanuddin, who was the son of Fatahillah, was appointed as the ruling king in the Banten region.

And Fatahilah founded a religious center in Gunung Jati, Cirebon until he died in 1568.

So we can conclude that, the beginning of the establishment of the Banten kingdom was the territory of the Demak kingdom.

Lineage of the Kingdom of Banten

Every establishment of a kingdom must have a royal family lineage in it, as well as the Kingdom of Banten.

So here is the genealogy of the Bull Kingdom from generation to generation:

1. Syarif Hidayatullah (Sunan Gunung Jati)

He has sons:

the Queen of Poverty,
prince market,
Prince Jayalalana,
Maulana Hasanuddin,
Prince Bratakelana,
Queen of Vienna,
Prince Turusmi.

2. Maulana Hasanuddin – Panembahan Surosowan (1522-1570)

He has sons:

Empress Fatimah,
Maulana Yusuf,
Prince Arya Jepara,
Prince Suniararas,
Prince Pajajaran,
Prince Pringgaya,
Prince Sabrang Lor,
Queen Keben,
Terpenter Queen,
blue queen,
Queen Ayu Arsanengah,
Prince Pajajaran Wado,
Tumenggung Wilatikta,
Queen Ayu Kamudarage,
Prince Sabrang Wetan.

3. Maulana Yusuf – Panembahan Pakalangan Gede (1570-1580)

He has sons:

Prince Arya Upapati,
Prince Arya Adikara,
Prince Arya Mandalika,
Prince Arya Ranamanggala,
Prince Arya Seminingrat,
Queen of Demons,
Pacatanda Queen,
Prince Manduraraja,
Prince Widara,
Starfruit Queen,
Maulana Muhammad.

4. Maulana Muhammad Prince Ratu Ing Banten (1580-1596)

He has sons:

Prince Abdul Mufakir Mahmud Kadir Kenari (Sultan Abdul Kadir)

5. Sultan Abdul Kadir (1596-1647)

He has sons:

Sultan Abul Maali Ahmad Kenari (crown prince),
Queen Goddess, Queen Ayu,
Prince Arya Banten,
Queen Mirah, Prince Sudamanggala,
Prince Ranamanggala,
Starfruit Queen,
Queen Gedong,
Prince Arya Manduraja,
South Prince,
Dalem Queen,
queen lor,
Prince of the Seminary,
Queen of the South,
Prince Arya Wiratmika,
Prince Arya Danuwangsa,
Prince Arya Prabangsa,
Prince Arya Wirasuta,
ivory queen,
pandan queen,
Prince Arya Wiraasmara,
Password Queen,
Prince Arya Adiwangsa,
Prince Arya Sutakusuma,
Prince Arya Jaya Sentika,
Queen Hafsa,
Corner Queen,
Girlfriend Queen,
Ward Queen,
Queen Salama,
Queen Ratmala,
Queen Hasanah,
Queen Husaera,
squishy queen,
Queen Jiput,
Queen Wuragil.

6. Sultan Abul Maali Ahmad Kenari (1647-1651)

He has sons:

Abul Fath Abdul Fattah,
The Empress Queen,
middle queen,
Prince Arya Elor,
Queen Wijil Ratu Puspita.

7. Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa Abul Fath Abdul Fattah (1651-1682)

He has sons:

Sultan Haji,
Prince Arya Abdul Alim,
Prince Arya Ingayudadipura,
Prince Arya Purbaya.
Prince Sugiri
Tubagus Rajasuta
Tubagus Rajaputra
Tubagus Husaen
Raden Mandaraka
Raden Saleh
Raden Rum
Egyptian Raden
Raden Muhammad
Raden Mohsin
Tubagus Wetan
Tubagus Muhammad 'Athif
Tubagus Abdul
Queen King Mirah
Queen Ayu
Queen of South
Queen Marta
Queen Adi
Queen Umm
Queen Hadijah
Queen Habibah
Queen Fatimah
Queen Asyiqoh
Queen of Fate
Tubagus Kulon

8. Sultan Abu Nasr Abdul Kahhar-Sultan Haji (1683-1687)

He has sons:

Sultan Abdul Fadhal,
Sultan Abul Mahasin,
Prince Muhammad Tahir,
Prince Fadluddin.
Prince Ja'farrudin
Queen Muhammad Alim
Queen Rohimah
Queen Hamimah
Prince Knight
Queen of Mumbai

9. Sultan Abudul Fadhl (1687-1690)

He has sons:

– have no son

10. Sultan Abul Mahasin Zainul Abidin (1690-1733)

He has sons:

Sultan Muhammad Syifa
Sultan Muhammad Wasi'
Prince Yusuf
Prince Muhammad Saleh
Queen Samiyah
Queen Komariyah
Prince Tumenggung
Prince Ardikusuma
Prince Anom Mohammad Nuh
Queen Fatimah Putra
Queen Badriyah
Prince Manduranegara
Prince Jaya Sentika
Queen of Jabariyah
Prince Abu Hassan
Prince Dipati Banten
Prince Ariya
Raden Nasut
Raden Maksaruddin
Prince Dipakusuma
Queen Afifah
Queen Siti Adirah
Queen Safiqoh
Tubagus Wirakusuma
Tubagus Abdurrahman
Tubagus Mahaim
Raden Rauf
Tubagus Abdul Jalal
Queen of Life
Queen Muhibbah
Raden Putera
Queen Halimah
Tubagus Sahib
Queen Sa'idah
Queen Satijah
Queen A'dawiyah
Tubagus Syarifuddin
Queen 'Afiyah Ratnaningrat
Tubagus Jamil
Tubagus Sa'jan
Tubagus Hajj
Queen of Thobiyah
Queen Khairiyah Kumudaningrat
Prince Rajaningrat
Tubagus Jahidi
Tubagus Abdul Aziz
Prince Rajasantika
Tubagus Kalamudin
Queen Siti Sa'ban Kusumaningrat
Tubagus Abunasir
Raden Darmakusuma
Raden Hamid
Queen Sifah
Queen Minah
Queen 'Azizah
Queen Sehah
Queen of Suba/Ruba
Tubagus Muhammad Said

11. Sultan Muhammad Syifa 'Zainul Arifin (1733-1750)

He has sons:

Sultan Muhammad Arif
Queen Ayu
Tubagus Hasanuddin
Raden Raja Prince Rajasantika
Prince Muhammad Rajasantika
Queen 'Afiyah
Queen Sa'diyah
Queen Halimah
Tubagus Abu Khaer
Queen of Life
Tubagus Muhammad Salih

12. Sultan Syarifuddin Artu Deputy (1750-1752)

no son

13. Sultan Muhammad Wasi' Zainul 'Alimin (1752-1753)

no son

14.Sultan Muhammad 'Arif Zainul Asyikin (1753-1773)

He has sons:

Sultan Abul Mafakhir Muhammad Aliyudin
Sultan Muhyiddin Zainusholihin
Prince Manggala
Prince of Suralaya
Prince Suramanggala

15. Sultan Abul Mafakhir Muhammad Aliyudin

He has sons:

Sultan Muhammad Ishaq Zainul Muttaqin
Sultan Agiludin
Prince Dharma
Prince Muhammad Abbas
Prince Moses
Prince Yali
Prince Ahmad

16. Sultan Muhyiddin Zainusholihin (1799-1801)

He has sons:

Sultan Muhammad Shafiuddin

17. Sultan Muhammad Ishaq Zainul Muttaqin (1801-1802)

18. Sultan Deputy Prince Natawijaya (1802-1802)

19. Sultan Agilludin – Sultan Aliyudin Il (1803-1808)

20. Sultan Deputy Prince Suramanggala (1808-1809)

21. Sultan Muhammad Syafiuddin (1809-1813)

22. Sultan Muhammad Rafiuddin (1813-1820)

Banten Mastery

In 1522, Maulana Hasanuddin founded a palace complex called the Surosowan palace, and built a square, market, grand mosque and mosque in the Pacitan area.

Meanwhile, the ruler of Wahanten Pasisir was the son of Sang Surosowan and the uncle of Maulana Hasanuddin named Arya Surajaya until 1526 AD.

In 1524 AD, Sunan Gunung Jati and his troops which were a combination of the Cirebon and Demak sultanates anchored in the port of Banten.

And at that time, there was no information that the Wahanten Pasisir port was blocking the arrival of the troops so that the troops focused on capturing Wahanten Girang.

In the historical records of Banten, when the troops tried to reach Wahanten Girang, Ki Jongjo (an important chief of soldiers) voluntarily sided with Maulana Hasanuddin.

In another source, it is stated that the ruler of Banten Girang was disturbed by Maulana Hasanuddin's many da'wah activities.

Maulana Hasanuddin was able to attract the sympathy of the people, including the people who were in the interior of Wahanten, where the area was under the authority of Wahanten Girang.

So the top general Arya Suranggana asked Maulana Hasanuddin to stop his da'wah activities.

As well as challenging him to do a cockfight (cockfight) on the condition that Arya Suranggana won it, Maulana Hasanuddin had to stop his da'wah activities.

The cockfighting activity was won by Maulana Hasanuddin and he continued his da'wah activities.

Arya Suranggana and his people who refused to convert to Islam then chose to enter the forest in the Southern region.

After the death of Arya Suranggana, the Banten Girang complex was used as a guesthouse for Islamic rulers until the end of the 17th century.

Banten as a Sultanate

In 1552, Maulana Hasanuddin was appointed as the Sultan of Banten by his father, who was none other than Sunan Gunung Jati, so that the Sultanate of Banten became an independent sultanate.

During his leadership, Maulana Hasanuddin expanded the kingdom's power to the Lampung area.

Not to forget, he also broadcasts Islam and also conducts trading activities with the king of Malangkabu (Kingdom of Inderapura) whose name was Sultan Munawar Syah and he Hasanuddin were given a dagger by the king that.

Hasanuddin's son, Maulana Yusuf ascended the throne in 1570 and continued his activities in 1570 to the interior of Sunda by controlling the entire interior of Sunda in 1579.

After the reign of Maulana Yusuf ended, he was succeeded by his son, Maulana Muhammad.

And during Maulana Muhammad's time he tried to conquer Palembang in 1596 as an attempt by the Kingdom of Banten to narrow the Portuguese movement in the archipelago. But unfortunately the mission failed because he died while carrying out his mission.

At the time Prince Ratu led none other than the son of Maulana Muhammad, the queen became king first on the island of Java who had the title "Sultan" in 1638 with the Arabic name Abu al-Mafakhir Mahmud Abdulkadir.

It was during this period that the Sultan of Banten had begun intensively conducting diplomatic relations with other powers that existed at that time.

One that is known is in the letters of the Sultan of Banten to the King of England, James I in 1605 and in 1629 to Charles I.

The heyday of the Banten Kingdom

The kingdom of Banten entered into glory during the reign of Abu Fath Abdul Fatah or better known as Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa.

Because at that time, the Port of Banten became an international port which had an impact on the kingdom's economy to develop rapidly.

The territory of the Banten Kingdom also expanded to include the rest of the Sunda kingdom which was not captured by the Mataram sultanate and the territory of the Lampung Province.

The Sultanate of Banten also held international relations by using the sea route so that the time of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa was the golden age of the Sultanate of Banten.

During his leadership, he also sent two of his followers to visit England as ambassadors there and buy weapons.

Not only good in establishing relations with the British, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa also had good relations with Aceh, Makassar, India, Mongols, Turks, and Arabs.

The rulers of Banten also went together to Arabia to perform the pilgrimage and continued to England to fulfill his duties as an envoy by using a ship that belongs to him British merchant.

As the 6th sultan, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa emphasized that he was against all foreign occupation of his country.

He never wanted to compromise with the Dutch, so in 1645, Banten's relations with the Dutch became increasingly heated.

In 1656 troops from the kingdom of Banten guerrillas in the Batavia area. Then a year later, the Dutch offered a peace treaty to the kingdom of Banten.

Because the agreement only benefited the Dutch, the agreement was rejected until in 1580 a major war broke out between Banten and the Netherlands.

The war just ended on July 10, 1659 with the signing of an armistice agreement.

Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa has a crown prince named Abdul Kohar. Then he was appointed crown prince on February 16, 1671 with the title Sunan Abu'n Nasr Abdul Kohar, better known as Sultan Haji.

Then it was actually used by the Dutch to play against each other.

Sultan Haji wished for peace with the Dutch by sending a letter in 1680 and declaring that he was the full ruler of Banten, no longer Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa.

On February 26, 1682, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa then invaded Surosowan which is where Sultan Haji is based.

The attack was successful, but Surosowan was captured by the Dutch under the leadership of Captain Tack. And then the Banten government was held by Sultan Haji.

After Sultan Haji died, there was a power struggle between his sons, which was none other than the result of interference from the Dutch.

Since then there have been successive sultans and the Sultanate of Banten began to decline.

The peak of the destruction of the Sultanate of Banten during the reign of Sultan Muhammad Syarifuddin.

He was forced to step down from the throne and the Sultanate of Banten was abolished by the British government which replaced the Dutch in the Banten area under the reign of Governor General Raffles.

Since then the Sultanate of Banten ended.

Civil War

In 1680 a dispute arose between the families of the Sultanate of Banten which was not far away due to problems the struggle for power and conflict that occurred between Sultan Ageng and his son named Sultan Hajj.

This loophole was then used by the Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC to play against each other under the pretext of providing support to Sultan Haji, so that civil war could not be avoided.

Meanwhile, to strengthen his position, Sultan Abu Nashar Abdul Qahar or Sultan Haji had sent 2 people to meet the King of England in London in 1682 to ask for weapons.

The occurrence of this cold war caused Sultan Ageng to be forced to withdraw from his palace and move to the Tirtayasan area.

But unfortunately, on December 28, 1682 the area was actually controlled by Sultan Haji together with the VOC.

So that Sultan Ageng and his son moved to the south of the interior of Sunda. And on March 14, 1683 Sultan Ageng was caught and then detained in the Batavia area.

Meanwhile, the VOC and its troops are still pursuing and fighting against the soldiers and followers of Sultan Ageng who are still under the leadership of Prince Purbaya and Sheikh Joseph.

On May 5, 1683, then the VOC sent Untung Surapati who had the rank of lieutenant and his Balinese soldiers and then joined the leadership of Lieutenant Johannes Maurits van Happel to subdue the Pamotan and Dayeuh. areas sublime.

And it was only on December 14, 1683 that the VOC and its troops succeeded in fighting Sheikh Yusuf.

Because of urgency, Prince Purbaya finally surrendered. Then Untung Surapati was sent by Captain Johan Ruisj to pick up Prince Purbaya.

On the way to Batavia, they actually met with VOC troops led by Willem Kuffeler but instead a fight broke out.

Until finally on January 28, 1684, the troops from Willem Kuffler were destroyed and fortunately Surapati and his followers became fugitives from the VOC.

Meanwhile, Prince Purbaya arrived in Batavia on February 7, 1684.

The collapse of the Banten Kingdom

As we know, after the reign of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa ended, there were many conflicts within the kingdom.

This was due to the resistance by the sultan to the colonialists which was not approved by Sultan Haji. And this gap was used by the VOC to play against each other or divide et impera.

Then the VOC cleverly decided to defend Sultan Haji's side against Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa.

Not only that, the VOC also intervened in the success of leaders in the Banten region.

And ensure that the king who is chosen later is a weak king and will not become a potential stronghold of resistance for them in the future.

Right in the year 1680, the dispute between the kings became more and more unavoidable. So the VOC launched its action under the pretext of helping Sultan Haji to defeat Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa.

The cold war became more and more so that it became one of the main causes of the collapse of the Banten Kingdom.

Legacy of the Kingdom of Banten

The territorial waters controlled by the Banten kingdom are:

1. Great Mosque of Banten

The Great Mosque of Banten is one of the historical relics of the Banten Kingdom which we can still find today.

Founded in 1652 during the reign of Sultan Maulana Hasanudin, this mosque is located in Banten Lama Village, 10 km north of Serang City.

Having a unique style and having a high historical value makes this mosque crowded by tourists.

2. Palace Kaibon Banten

The Palace of the Kaibon Banten Palace is the residence of Sultan Syaifudin's mother, Queen Aisyah.

However, Banten clashed with the Dutch, which was then led by Daendels, thus tearing the building down. So, for now we can only see the ruins.

3. Surosowan Palace Palace, Banten

This palace is the residence of the sultans of the Kingdom of Banten which is also the center of government.

But his fate is the same as the palace of the Kaibon Palace, only the ruins that we can find until now.

4. Speelwijk Fortress

This 3 meter high wall is proof that the Banten Kingdom was the main axis of the maritime archipelago in the past.

Built in 1585, besides being used as a defensive fort, this building is also used as a place to monitor shipping activities around the Sunda Strait.

Inside this fort there are several ancient cannons as well as a tunnel that connects the fort and the Surosowan palace.

5. Lake Tasikardi

Lake Tasikardi was created during the reign of Sultan Maulana Yusuf which has an area of 5 hectares and has been covered with tiles and bricks.

The function of this lake at that time was as the main source of water supply for the royal family who lived in the Kaibon palace and also as irrigation for rice fields around Banten.

But now, the area of the lake has decreased because the layer of brick at the bottom has been covered with sedimentary soil carried by the river current.

6. Avalokitesvara Vihara

Even though we know that the Banten kingdom had Islamic nuances, the tolerance created in the kingdom was very high.

It is proven by a monastery called Avalokitesvara as a place of worship for Buddhists.

And until now, this monastery is still standing strong.

There is a uniqueness of this one monastery, on the walls there are reliefs that tell the legendary white snake stealth at that time.