American Revolution: Invention, Background, Revolution and Builder dan
The American Revolution that took place in 1775-1783 was the United States' war of independence against the United Kingdom of Great Britain.
The Revolutionary War which is increasingly turning into a global war is not only the United States and the United Kingdom. But the war had involved France, Spain, and the Netherlands on the other side.
And the end of this war was won by America, assisted by France.
It was the American Revolution that caused this war to occur. The Stamp Act of 1765 which resulted in the rise of the colonists and the expulsion of the British Parliament was unconstitutional.
It was asserted that the British Parliament had the right to impose taxes on the colonists.
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Discovery of the Americas
First recorded in history about the Americas when Christopher Columbus came to the continent. In 1492 he thought that the continent was India, by deploying 3 ships.
In the early 16th century a navigator and merchant from Florence, Italy whose name was Amerigo Vespucci arrived in America after the arrival of Columbus.
Most Europeans were aware of Vespucci's arrival. That the area he visited was actually a new area that had not been touched or visited by Europeans before.
The arrival of the two sailors in the previous year, and the migration of Europeans to the Americas began.
Most of the British and French settled in North America, and the Spaniards and Portuguese established colonies in South America.
United States Revolution Background
Seven years war 1756-1763
The struggle for new territories in America was a competition that led to the emergence of a dispute between France and England.
In America along the east coast of North America are British territories or colonies.
The southern coast, which is along the Mississippi River (Lousiana) to Canada, is a French colony. This area of France and England is separated by an inland area.
The British continued to make moves to expand their colonies westward and then encroach on the French (Louisiana) colony.
This triggered strained relations between France and Britain which led to war. The fighting erupted after a shootout between troops from the British colonies (Americans) and France.
In the war the British succeeded in defeating France and the Paris peace treaty was made which contains:
- The territories of Louisiana and Canada east of the Mississippi were ceded to the British, while the territories west of the Mississippi remained with France.
- After Britain and France signed the Paris agreement, which resulted in the strengthening of British dominance in the North American region, in addition to South Asia.
The war ended in 1763 after the British defeated France.
The Imposition of Taxes on the People of the American Colonies by the British
- The Sugar Act of 1764, a tax on sugar imports by the American colonists
- Townsend Act or tawnsend law is the imposition of taxes on tin, glass, paint and paper.
- The Stampt Act or the Stamp Act of 1765 is the application of carrying stamps on all official documents issued by the United States.
- The Tea Act or the tea law of 1773. That is the monopoly of tea content and the rules require the colonists to buy tea from the EIC or the British trade union.
There is an understanding of freedom in trade
The idea of freedom in trade was also embraced by the colonists. This was contrary to the understanding of the British government's sense of power over the colonies in America.
Because of this the British government gave an order that the produce in the colonies should be sold only to the parent country.
And vice versa, the British government required the colonists to buy goods from the industrial products of the mother country only.
The regulation was eventually opposed by the colonists because it was monopoly and required freedom of trade.
The Understanding of Freedom in Politics
The British government did not establish British colonies in America. But the British colonies were created by refugees from pressured England, economically, religiously, socially, and politically.
The colonists claim that they are free humans who build colonies in the new world.
This understanding is contrary to the understanding of the British government which considers the colonies to be its colonies. Based on the Paris Agreement of 1763.
The Boston Tea Party Event
The American Revolution erupted for a specific reason. That is an event known to this day as The Boston Tea Party which took place in 1773.
At night the cargo of tea is dumped into the sea by the Americans. Which caused anger in the British government (King George III) And led to demand accountability.
But the inhabitants of the colony did not want to be responsible for this incident and sparked the battle that marked the beginning of the American Revolution.
American Revolution and War of Independence
Reaction to the treatment of taxes
The colonists' resistance to British taxes was increasingly radical. The Sons of Liberty group led by Samuel Adam is the toughest group in carrying out tax rejection propaganda.
The most famous act of the Sons of Liberty was the boycott of British teas. By disposing of tea being transported by ships docked in Boston harbor.
The incident occurred on December 16, 1773, which is called the Boston Tea Party event that sparked the American Revolution
American Colony Society Congress
The events above prompted King George III as king of England to start taking strong action.
The American colonies were sent colony troops from the British government who forced them to pay taxes and stop the rebellion.
In an effort the British troops were involved in armed clashes with the American colonists in the villages of Lexington and Concord Raid.
But during the first war between England and the American colonies, the colonists had not thought of establishing a state
The reaction of the battle, then in October 1774 a meeting was held with the 13 colonies in Philadelphia. The meeting became known as the first congress and resulted in several unanimous decisions, namely:
- Called on all colonists to prepare for war.
- Cessation of all trade relations with England until the abolition of the taxes that oppressed the American colonies.
In the first congress the colonists had not spoken of American independence. And not yet have clarity about the motivation of their war against the British government.
So in 1775 a second Congress was convened with a congressional decision on behalf of the 13 colonies. Yang expressed the position of no longer recognizing the authority of the British parliament over the American colonists.
At that congress the colonists had not spoken about American independence. America fought against British soldiers because they felt oppressed by British rule.
However, this changed in 1776 after Americans read Thomas Paine's book Common Sense.
In July 1776 the third congress was held. With the decision to declare independence (Declaration of Independence) on July 4, 1776 which also marked the founding of the United States of America.
Declaration compiled by Benjamin Fraklin, Thomas Jefferson and John Adams. Then it was read in front of the people who were housed in the State House field.
America's declaration of independence invited a strong reaction from Britain. Hence the American War of Independence.
In the war of independence, America received assistance from French troops under General Lafayette.
Apart from France, Spain also helped America. In 1783 after going through the battle of Yorktown.
United States troops under the leadership of George Washington who managed to defeat General Cornwallis. Who commanded the entire British army in America along with 7000 troops on October 19, 1781.
Signed the Paris agreement which contains. Britain recognized independence from the United States on September 3, 1783 but Canada remained under the British.
American Government Composer
Declaration of Independence 1776 This document is the first source of the United States government regarding the recognition of human rights concerning
- Right to freedom
- Right to Life
- right of independence
- Right to happiness
Articles of Confederating United States laws that serve as guidelines for the administration of government until the United States constitution is formed.
The law also regulates the relationship between states and congress which act as administrators of government or central government
The Bill of Rights is an amendment to the United States constitution which contains the recognition of the rights of citizens and states.
The Constitution of the United States of America is the United States constitutional law compiled by James Madison with 12 amendments attached.