Khulafaur Rashidin: Definition and Brief Biography

Khulafaur Rashidin: Understanding and Brief Biography – As a Muslim, of course we must know about the history or struggle of the caliphs of the Prophet. Well, here's aboutknowledge.co.id what is Khulafaur Rasyidin about? and who belongs to the Khulafaur Rasyidin group? Who are they? Let's read in full below.

Khulafaur Rashidin: Understanding and Brief Biography

Let's discuss the meaning of khulafaur Rashidun carefully first.

Definition of Khulafaur Rashidin

The word Khulafaur Rashidin consists of two words, namely Khulafa 'and Ar-Rashidin. Khulafa 'means jama' and caliph means "substitute". And for the word Ar-Rashidin it means "to be guided." So the meaning of Khulafaur Rashidin is the substitutes who get instructions.

Khulafaur Rashidin are the leaders who are in charge of replacing the duties of the Prophet Muhammad. as head of state, head of government and as leader of the people. The prophetic task cannot be replaced.
Allah SWT. said in the Qur'an Surah Al-Ahzab verse 40:

Mā kāna muḥammadun aba aḥadim mir rijālikum wa lākir rasụlallāhi wa khātaman-nabiyyīn, wa kānallāhu bikulli syai`in ‘alīmā

Meaning: "Muhammad is by no means the father of any man among you, but he is the Messenger of Allah and the seal of the prophets. And Allah is All-Knowing of all things."

Khulafaur Rashidin are the caliphs who are very wise and also wise. They are the four companions of the Prophet who were chosen to be the leaders of the Muslims after the Prophet Muhammad's death.

Short Biography of Khulafaur Rashidin

The four caliphs are:

1. Abu Bakr as-Siddiq ra. (11-13 AH / 632-634 AD)

The real name of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq ra was Abdul Kaaba. Then the apostle replaced it with Abdullah's name. So his full name is Abdullah bin Abi Quhafah at-Tamimi. Born from the couple Usman (Abu Quhafah) bin Amir and Umm Khair Salma bint Sakhr who originally came from the Taim tribe, which is a tribe that gave birth to honorable figures.

Since childhood, he was known as a person who has a gentle, honest and patient nature. So, by the time he was a teenager, he was friends with the Prophet Muhammad. he is known by the nicknames Abu Bakr, and "As-Siddiq" which is this title given by the companions, because he really trusted and justified the Prophet Muhammad. in all respects.

He was appointed caliph through deliberation between the Ansar and the Muhajirin at Saqifah Bani Sa'idah (the meeting hall in the city of Medina). In the era of his leadership, the caliph Abu Bakr had achieved extraordinary efforts and achievements.

2. Umar bin Khattab ra. (13-23 H / 634-644 AD)

Umar is 13 years younger than the Prophet Muhammad. At a young age, he was already known for his brave and intelligent nature. He was never afraid to tell the truth in front of anyone. So, it is not surprising that when Umar bin Khattab embraced Islam, he was included in the ranks of the Muslims who were feared by the Quraysh infidels. Before he embraced Islam, he was the bravest in opposing Islam. But after he converted to Islam, he was very brave to face the enemies of Islam. So he is known as the highly respected "Lion of the Desert".

Because he has a firm personality and he is also very strong in fighting for the truth, so that people give him the title "al-Faruq" that is to clearly distinguish what is right and what is wrong wrong.

During the reign of Umar bin Khattab, the territory of Islam became wider to Egypt, Iraq, Syria, and other Persian countries. Umar bin Khattab was the first to establish a judicial body and perfect the government. Umar bin Khattab also continued the efforts of Abu Bakr in recording the Qur'an.

Umar bin Khattab died at the age of 63 years. He ruled for 10 years and 6 months. Umar bin Khattab died stabbed by the sword of Abu Lu'lu'ah, a slave belonging to al-Mughirah bin Shu'bah during the Fajr prayer.

3. Usman bin Affan ra.

Usman bin Affan was a wealthy merchant and a very famous writer of revelations. He is five years younger than the prophet Muhammad. Usman is known as a quiet person and also has a commendable character. Usman bin Affan always did a lot of good deeds, so he got the title "Ghaniyyun Syakir" which is a rich person who is very grateful to Allah SWT.

Even though he was famous as a rich man, he also did not hesitate to join the war and never kept his distance from people whose economy was lower class. Because of the many good things he had done, he was married to the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad, Ruqayyah. After Ruqayyah died, he remarried to the daughter of the Prophet, Umm Kullsum. Therefore, he was nicknamed "Dzun Nurain" (Who has two lights).

The following are the services of Usman bin Affan including: copying and recording the Qur'an into several manuscripts. And he also set the pronunciation of the reading of the Qur'an to be uniform and also simultaneously, there is no difference. Because the great work of Usman bin Affan is very useful for Muslims, the manuscript was given the name "Uthmani Mushaf" as a tribute to his services. Not only that, he was also the one who formed the navy, in order to expand the Islamic territory, as well as renovating the Prophet's mosque, and there are still many services from Usman bin Affan.

4. Ali bin Abi Talib ra. (36-41 H / 656-661 AD)

Ali bin Abi Talib was born in the city of Mecca on the 12th of Rajab in the 30th year after the birth of the Prophet Muhammad. His mother's name was Fatimah bint Asad. His mother gave him the name al-Haidara which means Asad (lion), then his father changed it to Ali.

He was raised and educated by the Prophet Muhammad SAW. He converted to Islam after Siti Khadijah. Because of his extraordinary courage, Ali bin Abi Talib received the title "Lion of Allah" and "Karamallahu Wajhahu" (may Allah honor his face).

Ali bin Abi Talib was the son of the Prophet's uncle as well as the son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad. He converted to Islam at a very young age and helped the Prophet's struggle a lot. After six days from the death of Usman bin Affan, he was appointed caliph as a substitute for the struggle of Usman bin Affan.

Ali bin Abi Talib was instrumental in replacing incompetent officials, he also fixed state finances (Baitul Maal), he also advancing the field of linguistics, advancing development, and quelling rebellions among Muslims and many others again.

The four caliphs were not only successful in continuing the struggle of the Prophet Muhammad in upholding the teachings of monotheism, as well as success in expanding the spread and making the name of Islam proud. In carrying out their duties, the Khulafaur Rasyidin always imitate the leadership of the Prophet. His character and character as a community leader, head of state and head of government are reflected in the main characteristics he has. The characteristics of Khulafaur Rashidin include:

• wise and prudent
• Authoritative and disciplined
• Broad and deep religious knowledge
• Dare to act and strong-willed.

That's a brief summary, description and brief explanation of Khulafaur Rashidin: Understanding and Brief Biography, hopefully it can help friends in increasing knowledge for those who don't know it and reminding you if you forget. Thank you.