22 Names of Kingdoms in Indonesia and Complete History

22 Names of Kingdoms in Indonesia and Their Complete History – We are now living in a modern era with an independent country. Did you know that long before Indonesia experienced independence, there were many kingdoms in our homeland. These kingdoms became a story and became the birth path of Indonesian independence. For that as good citizens, there is nothing wrong if we respect it by knowing what kingdoms in Indonesia existed at that time.

22 Names of Kingdoms in Indonesia and Their Complete History

Let's discuss starting from the oldest kingdom first.

1. Kutai Kingdom

The Kutai Kingdom is the oldest Hindu kingdom in Indonesia. This kingdom was founded in 400 AD, on the banks of the Mahakam River, East Kalimantan.
The reigning kings are:

• Kudungga (first king).
• Aswawarman.
• Mulawarman.

2. Tarumanegara Kingdom

Tarumanegara Kingdom is a Hindu kingdom, founded in 450 AD in West Java. The reigning king is Purnawarman.

3. Kaling Kingdom

The Kaling Kingdom was founded in 674 in Central Java. The reigning king is Queen Sima. He wanted his people to be honest people. The famous priest is Jhanabhadra.

4. Srivijaya Kingdom

The Srivijaya Kingdom was founded in the 7th century in Sumatra (Buddhist Kingdom). The famous Buddhist teacher is Sakyakirti. The reigning kings are:

• Sri Jayanaga.
• Balaputradewa
• Sri Sangrawijayatunggawarman.

The reasons for the collapse of the Srivijaya Kingdom, among others:

• Attack of King Colamandala of India.
• King Kertanegara's attack from Singasari.

5. Malay Kingdom

The Malay kingdom was founded almost simultaneously with the Srivijaya Kingdom, but in 692 this kingdom had been controlled by Srivijaya.

6. Hindu Mataram Kingdom

The Hindu Mataram Kingdom was founded in Central Java with the capital Medang Kamulan. The reigning kings are:

• Sanna.
• Sanjaya, with the title Rakai Mataram Ratu Sanjaya.
• Rakai Panangkaran, with the title Syailendra Sri Maharaja Dyah Pancapana Rakai Panangkarana.

After the reign of Rakai Panangkaran, Mataram was divided into two. Some embraced Buddhism, some embraced Hinduism. Syailendra Buddha ruled in South Central Java, Syailendra Hindu ruled around the Dieng mountains. During the reign of Rakai Pikatan, Mataram was reunited.

The next kings are:

• Rakai Pikatan.
• Balitung, with the title Rakai Watukura.
• Daksha.
• Tulodong.
• Wow.
• Spoon Master.

7. Isyana dynasty

Empu Sendok moved the center of Syailendra's government to East Java in 929, then formed a new dynasty, namely Isyana dynasty. The reigning kings are:

• The master of the spoon holds the title Maharaja Rake Hino Sri Isyana Wikramadharmotunggadewa.
• Sri Isyanatunggawijaya.
• Makutawangsawardhana.
• Dharmawangsa, with the title Sri Dharmawangsa Teguh Anantawikramatunggadewa.
• Airlangga, with the title Sri Maharaja Rake Halu Sri Lokeswara Dharmawangsa Airlangga Anantawikramatunggadewa.

In 1401 the Kingdom of Kahuripan was divided into 2 (the task of division was handed over to Empu Bharada), namely:

• Jenggala or Singasari, with the capital at Kahuripan.
• Panjalu or Kediri, with the capital in Daha.

8. Kediri Kingdom

The Jenggala Kingdom is ruled by King Mapanji Garasakan. The kingdom of Kediri was ruled by King Sri Samarawijaya. The struggle for power between Jenggala and Kediri lasted until 1502. Furthermore, for approximately half a century the two kingdoms are not mentioned again in history.

In 1117 this kingdom appeared again with its king:

• Sri Maharaja Rakai Sirikan Sri Kameswara.
• Jayabhaya, with the title Sri Maharaja Sang Mapanji Jayabhaya.

At this time, the book of Bharatayudha was composed by Empu Sedah and continued by Empu Panuluh (Empu Sedah died before the book was finished). Empu Panuluh also wrote the books Hariwangsa and Gatutkacasraya.

• Sri Arieswara.
• Kameswara, with the title Sri Maharaja Sri Kameswara Triwikramawarata.

The famous poets at that time were:

• Empu Tanakung, with his works Werasancaya and Lubdaka.
• Empu Darmaja, with his work Smaradhahana.

The kingdom of Kediri ended in 1222, because it was conquered by Ken Arok.

9. Balinese Kingdom

kings House of Warmadewa. One of the famous wangsa ruling in Bali is the Warmadewa dynasty.
Its famous kings are:

• Sri Chandrabhayasingka Warmadewa.
• Udayana, with the title Dharmoyana Warmadewa.

Udayana had 3 sons, namely: first Airlangga, who became the son-in-law of King Dharmawangsa and later became king of Kahuripan (the kingdom of the Isyana dynasty). Second, Marataka, who replaced Udayana (but not famous). Third, the Wungsu Son, who succeeded the throne of Marataka, in 1049.

From the reign of Anak Wungsu, 28 short inscriptions were left, some of which were found in the Elephant Cave, Mount Kawi (Tampak Siring), Mount Panulisan, and Sangit.

Other kings in Bali

After the reign of the Warmadewa dynasty, the island of Bali was ruled by other successive kings, famous among them:

• Jayasakti, has a book of laws, namely Uttara Widhi Balawan and Rajawacana (1133 - 1150).
• Jayapangus, using the Manawasasanadharma Law (1117 – 1181).

In 1284 the Kingdom of Bali was conquered by Kertanegara from Singasari.

10. Singasari Kingdom

The history and reign of Ken Arok and the kings of Singasari can be found in the book Pararaton and Negarakertagama.
The reigning kings are:

• Ken Arok, after killing Akuwu Tumapel and Tunggul Ametung, conquered the Kediri Kingdom in 1222 at Ganter. Ken Arok as the founder and first king in Singasari had the title Sri Ranggah Rajasa Sang Amurwabhumi, then his descendants were known as the Rajasa dynasty.
• Anusapati (son of Tunggul Ametung – Ken Dedes) after killing Ken Arok (his stepfather), by ordering an excuse (slave).
  Tohjaya (son of Ken Arok and Ken Umang), after killing Anusapati. In 1248 there was a rebellion launched by Ranggawuni (son of Anusapati) and Mahisa Campaka (son of Mahisa Wonga Teleng or grandson of Ken Arok - Ken Dedes).
• Ranggawuni with the title Sri Jaya Wisnuwardhana 1248 – 1268. Wisnuwardhana ruled Singasari together with Mahisa Campaka as Ratu Anggabhaya, a high-ranking official in charge of tackling the dangers that threaten the kingdom, his title is Narasinghamurti.
• Kertanegara with the title Sri Maharajadhiraja Sri Kertanegara (1269 – 1292), was the greatest King of Singasari. In 1275 he sent the Pamalayu expedition. The areas he conquered included Bali, Pahang, Sunda, Bakulapura (Southwest Kalimantan) and the Desert (Maluku) and established friendly relations with Jaya-Singhawarman Raja Campa. In 1292 it was conquered by Jayakatwang from Kediri.

11. Majapahit kingdom

Kertarajasa Jayawardhana (1292 – 1309)

Founded by Raden Wijaya (son of Lembu Tai or grandson of Mahisa Campaka) in 1292 after outwitting the army of Kublai Khan from China who intended to punish the King of Java who had insulted his envoy, namely Meng Ki during the reign of Kertanegara in Yogyakarta Singasari.

Because Kertanegara had been destroyed by Jayakatwang of Kediri, Kublai Khan's army destroyed Kediri, which then on the strategy of Raden Wijaya assisted by Arya Wiraraja, the Chinese army can be destroyed by Raden Wijaya. Finally, Raden Wijaya became the first King of Majapahit with the title Kertarajasa Jayawardhana.

Raden Wijaya married 4 daughters Kertanegara, that is:

• Tribhuwana as empress.
• Gayatri, who later brought down the kings of Majapahit.
• Narendraduhita.
• Prajnaparamita.

In 1309 King Kertarajasa died, leaving 3 sons:

• Jayanegara (from the empress).
• Sri Gitarja (from Gayatri) later became Bhre Kahuripan.
• Dyah Wiyat (from Gayatri) later became Bhre Daha.

Sri Jayanegara (1309 – 1328)

Jayanegara replaced his father with the title Sri Jayanegara. Rebellion arises, namely:

• The Ranggalawe Rebellion of Tuban.
• Sora's Rebellion in 1311.
• The Nambi Rebellion in 1316,
• The Kuti rebellion in 1319, the capital of Majapahit was successfully occupied and King Jayanegara fled to Bedander Village escorted by 15 loyal guards (Bhayangkari troops) under the leadership of Gajah Madame. Thanks to Gajah Mada's efforts, the capital was reclaimed, and Sri Jayanegara was again on the throne. For his services Gajah Mada was appointed Patih Kahuripan and then Kediri.

In his reign, King Jayanegara used the Minadwaya symbol (two fish).

Tribhuwana (1328 – 1350)

Jayanegara died leaving no son. Then Gayatri or Rajapatni has the right to be king. Because Gayatri had become a nun (Buddhist priest), then she was represented by Sri Gitarja, Bhre Kahuripan who had the title Tribhuwanatunggadewi Jayawisnuwardhana.

The Sadeng Rebellion emerged, which Gajah Mada was able to quell, because of his services in 1331 Gajah Mada was appointed prime minister, who at the time of his inauguration pronounced the Palapa Oath.

In 1350 Gayatri or Rajapatni died, Tribhuwana who represented him handed over his power to his son, Hayam Wuruk.

Rajasanegara (1350 – 1389)

Hayam Wuruk ascended the throne at the age of 16 years, holding the title Rajasanegara, was the greatest king in Majapahit history with Gajah Mada as Mahapatih.

His power covers the entire archipelago, even still added to Tumasik (Singapore) and the Malay Peninsula.

Famous literary works include:

• Negarakertagama by Empu Prapanca.
• Sutasoma or Purusadashanta and Arjunawijaya by Empu Tantular.

In 1364 Gajah Mada died, his position was replaced by 4 ministers. In 1389 Hayam Wuruk died.

Wikramawardhana (1389 – 1429)

King Hayam Wuruk with his empress only had one daughter, namely Kusumawardhani who then ruled with her husband Wikramawardhana who was still his cousin. Bhre Wirabumi, the son of a concubine who was given the power to rule the Blambangan area, was dissatisfied and felt more entitled to the Majapahit throne. In 1401 - 1406 a civil war broke out between Bhre Wirabumi and Wikramawardhana, Bhre Wirabumi died (Paregreg War). In 1429 Wikramawardhana died, Majapahit had become a small kingdom as a result of one by one the regions broke away.

In 1478 Bhatara Prabu Girindrawardhana, the king of Daha, took Majapahit from King Kertabumi (the last King of Majapahit).

12. Pasai Ocean Kingdom

Samudra Pasai was the first work of Nusantara Islam. Located in North Aceh (now included in Lhosumawe district) it was founded in the 13th century.
The Kings are

• Sultan Malik al-saleh, 635 Hijri or 1297 AD
• Sultan Muhammad has the title Sultan Malik al Tahir

13. Kingdom of Demak

Raden Patah (± 1500 – 1518)

In the early 1500s, a Regent of Demak who converted to Islam, namely Raden Patah, broke away from Majapahit. Assisted by the ulama, Raden Patah, he founded the Demak Kingdom. Furthermore, Demak developed into a center for the development of Islam. In 1511 Demak's relationship with Malacca was cut off because Malakan was controlled by the Portuguese. In 1513 the Demak fleet under the leadership of Unus attacked Malacca but failed

Pati Unus (1518 – 1521)

Patu Unus is known as Prince Sabrang Lor, only three years as King.

Sultan Trenggana (1521-1546)

Sultan Trenggana is the son-in-law of Pati Unus. In 1522, he trusted a cleric from Pasai (Faletehan) to lead the Demak fleet to seize Banten, Sunda Kelapa, and Cirebon from Pajajaran.

In 1546 Sultan Trenggana died in his attempt to conquer Pasuruan. After that a power struggle arose between Sunan Prawata (Pytra eldest Sultan Trenggana) and Prince Sekar (Sultan Trenggana's younger brother). Sunan Prawata ascended the throne after killing Prince Sekar, not long after that Sunan Prawata was killed by Arya Penangsang (son of Prince Sekar),

14. Kingdom of Pajang

Jaka Tingkir (Sultan Trenggana's son-in-law), succeeded in destroying Arya Penangsang with the help of Kyai Ageng Pemanahan. Jaka Tingkir ascended the throne with the title Adiwijaya and moved the center of the Kingdom of Demak to Pajang.

The Pajang Kingdom was not long established. After Sultan Adiwijaya died a power struggle took place. Arya Pangiri (son of Sunan Prawata) tried to seize it, but was thwarted by Prince Benawa (son of Sultan Adiwijaya) assisted by Sutawijaya (son of Kyai Ageng Archery). Prince Benawa felt unable to replace his father, then handed over power to Sutawijaya, who then moved the center of government to Mataram.

15. Islamic Mataram Kingdom

Sutawijaya is better known as Pahembahan Senapati. Panembahan Senapati died in 1601.

16. Kingdom of Banten

After Faletehan took Banten. Sunda Kelapa, and Cirebon, then he was the one who controlled it. Because in Demak there was a struggle for power, in 1522 Fafetehan handed over Banten to his son Hasanuddin as the first king of Banten and Faletehan focused his attention on Islam in Gunung Jati, Cirebon.

The other kings are:

• Prince Yusuf (1570).
• Maulana Muhammad (only 9 years old), in 1596 died in an attempt to attack Palembang.
• Abdulmufakir (only 5 years old), the government is controlled by Mangkubumi Jayanegara.

17. Malacca Kingdom

The kingdom of Malacca is not located in the archipelago.
The other kings are:

• Paramisora, a traveler from Majapahit, who had converted to Islam changed his name to Sultan Iskandar Syah.
• Sultan Mansur Shah.
• Sultan Mahmud Shah.

In 1511, Malacca fell to the Portuguese.

18. Aceh Kingdom

In the early 16th century it was still a small kingdom, under | the power of the Pedir Kingdom.
The kings are:

• Sultan Ibrahim, Aceh broke away from the Pedir Kingdom. Aceh was progressing because Malacca was controlled by the Portuguese, so Islamic traders from Arabia and Gujarat shifted their trade to Aceh.
• Sultan Iskandar Muda (1607 -1639). During his reign, Aceh reached the peak of its glory.

19. Ternate Kingdom

Founded around the 13th century, 14th century, Ternate became an Islamic kingdom Sultan Baabullah Ternate reach the pinnacle of success. In 1575 Sultan Baabullah expelled the Portuguese from the Moluccas. Baabullah has the title of being united in 72 islands, extending its territory to the Philippines.

20. Kingdom of Tidore

Is an Islamic kingdom in Maluku. The Portuguese and Spanish were pitted against each other to have a dispute with Kerman Ternate, but turned back together and even expelled the Portuguese from the Moluccas. Its famous king was Sultan Nuku, who fought hard to expel the Dutch. Its territory includes Halmahera, Seram, Kai, to Papua.

21. Makassar Kingdom

In the 16th century in South Sulawesi there were two kingdoms. namely Goa and Tailo. The two kingdoms united under the name Goa-Tailo or Makassar with the capital Sombaopu, as the first Islamic kingdom in Sulawesi.
The kings are:

• King of Goa Daeng Manribia with the title Sultan Alaudin.
• His mangkubun was the king of Tailo Karaeng Matoaya with the title Sultan Abdullah.
• Sultan Hasanuddin. his reign was at its peak.

22. Banjar Kingdom

With the help of the Demak Kingdom, the 16th century Banjar Kingdom in South Kalimantan conquered Daha (a kingdom in the interior of Kalimantan). Banjar is an Islamic kingdom, with its king Raden Samudra who has converted to Islam and has changed his name to Sultan Suryanullah.

So those are the names of the kingdoms in Indonesia that we can learn in the article 22 Names of Kingdoms in Indonesia and Their Complete History. Hopefully this article is useful for all of us, thank you for listening to this material to the end.