Definition of Social Action According to Experts, Characteristics and Types

Definition of Social Action According to Experts, Characteristics and Types – In this discussion we will explain about social action. A discussion that includes the definition, characteristics and types that will be explained in full.

Definition of Social Action According to Experts, Characteristics and Types

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Definition of Social Action According to Experts

Social Action is an act, behavior or activity to achieve his subjective goals. Social action is carried out by individuals, groups or communities who can or are able to direct individuals, other groups are able to influence them.

There are other meanings of social action put forward by several experts including:

• Max Weber
  The definition of social action according to Max Weber is as a human action that can affect other individuals in society.
• Emile Durkheim
  The definition of social action according to Emile Durkheim is as human behavior that is directed by the norms and types of group solidarity in which he lives.
• Karl Marx
  The definition of social action according to Karl Marx is as a human activity that seeks to produce goods, or try something unique to pursue certain goals.

Characteristics of Social Action

Social action has several characteristics that can be seen as follows:

• This action is meaningful or has a subjective meaning
• This action is real which has an inner and subjective nature
• Actions that have a positive effect
• Actions lead others to participate
• The action taken is a response / response to the actions of others

Types of Social Action

According to experts Max Weber (George Ritzer, 1992) social action can be divided into four categories which can be explained as listed below.

Zwerk Rational (Instrumental Rationality)

Mr. Guru Santoso bought a car so he could get to school early. Budi chooses to study math material that will be tested tomorrow rather than watching the action of the F1 race on television.

The two forms of social action above fall into the Zwerk Rational category. This action is taken after careful consideration of the goals and the means taken for that purpose. Zwerk Rational is attached to rationally directed actions to achieve a certain goal.
Examples of rational social action:

• After graduating from middle school, Afan decided to work instead of continuing in high school. The reason is because Afan wants to be able to immediately help his parents and help pay for his younger siblings' school fees.
• As the coach of the SMA Paskibar, Mr. Sudar arranges hard and disciplined training so that his students can qualify for the National Paskibra.
• To help understand the lessons he didn't understand at school, Iwan applied to the best Tutoring Institute in his city.

Werk Rational (Value Rationality)

This social action is almost the same as the type of instrumental rationality action. But in the werk rational social actions are determined by considerations on the basis of individual beliefs in aesthetic, ethical and religious values. The example is:

• A young man gave his seat to an elderly woman who was pregnant because he had the ethical belief that young people should respect their parents.
• A teenager who gives a lift because he sees his parents walking, he has an ethical belief that by helping others his life will be beautiful.

Affectual Action (Actions that are influenced by emotions)

Social action is influenced by the emotions or feelings of the perpetrator.
Example:

• A mother cries when she hears a sad story from her friend. This action
  occur directly without first considering the reasons.
• The affectionate relationship of a husband to his wife or the love relationship of two teenagers who are in love.

Traditional Action (Action out of habit)

This social action is carried out because it follows traditions or customs that have existed for a long time or are standard. Someone acts because it has become a habit or has been routinely done. Example:

• Homecoming tradition for Eid al-Fitr. Most people force themselves to return home even though it has to be hard, willing to work more to make it happen.
• Traditional ceremonies that exist throughout Indonesia. These activities are carried out following the customs or traditions that have been passed down from generation to generation.
• The tradition of kissing hands and greeting parents when leaving the house.

Thus the above has been explained about Definition of Social Action According to Experts, Characteristics and Types. Hopefully this review can add to your insight and knowledge