Taklifi's law is: the division and its explanation Dal

Taklifi law is: division and explanation in the science of Usul Fiqhi – What is meant by takhlifi law in Islamic Fiqhi?, On this occasion About Knowledge.co.id will discuss it and of course other things that also surround it. Let's take a look at the discussion in the article below to better understand it.

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Taklifi law is: division and explanation in the science of Usul Fiqhi

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Usul Fiqh is a scientific discipline that discusses the various methods used by Muslims mujtahids when digging a shari'a from sources that already exist in the Qur'an and As-Sunnah. It is on the basis of this syar'i text that the mujatahids take illat which then becomes the basis for determining the law in achieving the benefit which is the main goal of this shari'a.

In this study of ushul fiqh, the law is then divided into two main points of law, namely taklifi law and wadh'i law. Taklifi law is a law that requires the mukallaf to choose between doing or not, while the wadh'i law is a law that determined on something that is the cause of something else, meaning whether the law becomes a condition or becomes a barrier.

In taklifi and wadh'i law, there is a term commonly referred to as the object of law/mahkum fih, because in that event there are laws such as mandatory, sunnah, permissible, makruh, to unlawful laws. Or more simply, the actions of a mukallaf related to the shari'a orders are called mahkum fih, while someone who is subject to khitob (demand) of Allah SWT is called mahkum alaih (mukallaf).

And we need to know that in this life, we as Muslims will always be in touch and can never be separated from syar'i law. Because sharia law will continue to be attached to a Muslim. Therefore, it is important for us to study it because by studying it we can know about our obligations as Muslims.

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Islamic law

The word law that we use today in Indonesian comes from the word law (without the u between the letters k and m) in Arabic or "rule of law" in English. That is, norms or rules are measures, benchmarks, benchmarks, guidelines used to assess the behavior or actions of humans and objects.

Whereas in Islamic law, there are five laws or rules that are used as a benchmark for measuring human actions both in the field of worship and in the field of muamalah. The five types of rules are al-ahkam al-khamsah or the classification of five or five qualifications, namely;

• permitted (mubah, jaiz, ibahah)
• recommended (sunnah, mandub, mustahab)
• disliked (makruh)
• obligatory (obligatory, fardh), Islamic law is divided into individual obligations (fardh'ain), such as prayer and fasting,
• collective obligation (fardh kifayah), the fulfillment of this obligation by a number of individuals frees other individuals to perform it, such as the funeral prayer and jihad, and it is forbidden (haram) the opposite of halal or anything that is not prohibited.

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Al-Ahkam Al-Khamsah

Ahkam comes from Arabic which is the plural of the word law and khamsah means five. Therefore, the combination of the two words is referred to as al-ahkam al-khamsah (read: ahkamul khamsah) or commonly called taklifi law.

Taklifi law is a legal provision that demands the mukallaf (aqil-baligh) or people who are seen as by law capable of carrying out legal actions both in the form of rights, obligations, or in the form of ban.

The taklifi law includes five kinds of rules or five categories of judgment regarding objects and human behavior in Islamic law, namely jaiz, sunnah, makruh, obligatory and unlawful.

The level of quality may increase and may also decrease. It is said to go up, if an action is related to the sunnah and is obligatory. It is said to decrease, if an action is associated with makruh and haram. It all depends on how 'illat (ratio) or cause.

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Taklifi law and its division

Taklifi law, is the demands of Allah SWT related to the command to do or the command to leave an action. Taklifi law is a law that requires the mukallaf to do an act or forbids doing it or is told to choose between doing or leaving it.

Taklifi law is an order from Allah SWT that encourages someone to choose to do it or forbid it, or choose to do it or leave it.

Thus, there are five kinds of taklifi law which are included in fiqh as legal provisions, such as mandatory (ijab/command), mandub (nadb/recommendation), haram (tahrim/prohibition), makruh (karahah/hated) and permissible (permissible/permissible). The explanation of the division of takhlifi law is as follows:

• Ijab (الإيجاب)

Ijab demands definitively from the shari'a to be implemented and cannot be (forbidden) to be abandoned, because the person who leaves it is subject to punishment. This Ijab has the meaning of carrying out all orders and leaving all His prohibitions, if we violate one of them then we are punished or punished punishment both in this world and in the hereafter, and if we carry out all the commands then the reward is our reward, in other words the attitude compel.

Ijab itself has the same meaning as obligatory but the consent itself is the determination of the law while mandatory is the law itself.

For example in Surah Al-Baqarah verse 110:

وَأَقِيمُواْ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتُواْ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَۚ وَمَا تُقَدِّمُواْ لِأَنفُسِكُم مِّنۡ خَيۡرٖ تَجِدُوهُ عِندَ ٱللَّهِۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِيرٞ ١١٠

Meaning: "And establish prayer and pay zakat. And whatever good you do for yourself, of course you will get its reward with Allah. Verily, Allah is All-Seeing of what you do.”

• Tahrim (ال)

Tahrim is a demand not to do an act with definite demands, or in other words the demands of God as God that we as servants must leave our actions because of something that is wrong certainly. Tahrim itself has a basic legal meaning and is haram as a product of the law of Tahrim.

For example in Surah Al-An'am verse 151:

قُلۡ تَعَالَوۡاْ أَتۡلُ مَا حَرَّمَ رَبُّكُمۡ عَلَيۡكُمۡۖ أَلَّا تُشۡرِكُواْ بِهِۦ شَيۡ‍ٔٗاۖ وَبِٱلۡوَٰلِدَيۡنِ إِحۡسَٰنٗاۖ وَلَا تَقۡتُلُوٓاْ أَوۡلَٰدَكُم مِّنۡ إِمۡلَٰقٖ نَّحۡنُ نَرۡزُقُكُمۡ وَإِيَّاهُمۡۖ وَلَا تَقۡرَبُواْ ٱلۡفَوَٰحِشَ مَا ظَهَرَ مِنۡهَا وَمَا بَطَنَۖ وَلَا تَقۡتُلُواْ ٱلنَّفۡسَ ٱلَّتِي حَرَّمَ ٱللَّهُ إِلَّا بِٱلۡحَقِّۚ ذَٰلِكُمۡ وَصَّىٰكُم بِهِۦ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَعۡقِلُونَ ١٥١

Meaning: "Say: "Let me recite what your Lord has forbidden you, namely: do not associate anything with Him, do good to both people. parents, and do not kill your children for fear of poverty, We will provide sustenance for you and for them, and do not approach the deeds of the abominable, whether visible in between or hidden, and do not kill the soul which Allah has forbidden (killing) except with something (cause) which right". That is what you have been commanded so that you understand (it)."

• Nadb (ال)

That is the demand to carry out an action, but the demand is not certain. One is not forbidden to leave it, because the one who leaves it is not punished. In other words, Nadb is a recommended case but not forced because if it is done it will get a reward and if it is left it is not subject to punishment.

For example in the verse of Allah in the letter Al-Baqarah verse 282:

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِذَا تَدَايَنتُم بِدَيۡنٍ إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلٖ مُّسَمّٗى فَٱكۡتُبُوهُۚ …

Meaning: "O you who believe, if you do not muamalah in cash for a specified time, then you should write it down...".

Where if someone does muamalah in cash (debt) for an agreed time to return the goods/money, he should write it down as a reminder that he is in debt.

• Karaha (الكراهة)

That is the demand to leave an act in an uncertain manner, the uncertainty is also taken from the indicators that reduce the demand, thus shifting from the notion of haram. A person who does the act required to leave it, is not subject to punishment. The result of such a claim is also called karahah and the act that is required to be abandoned is called makruh.

In other words, this karahah someone is required to leave but not by force, but a better suggestion.

أبغض الحلال عند اللَّه الطلاق

Meaning: "The lawful act which Allah hates the most is divorce." (H.R. Abu Daud, Ibn Majah, Al-Baihaqi and Hakim).

Here it is very clear that it is lawful for humans to do divorce, but Allah SWT hates it very much, even though it is lawful but divorce is hated by Allah.

• Ibahah (الإباحة)

That is the book of Allah which contains the choice to do or not to do. The result of the Book of Allah is also called ibahah while in action it is called permissible. Broadly speaking, ibahah is his guidance while mubah is his behavior.

An example in Surah Al-Jumu'ah verse 10:

فَإِذَا قُضِيَتِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةُ فَٱنتَشِرُواْ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَٱبۡتَغُواْ مِن فَضۡلِ ٱللَّهِ وَٱذۡكُرُواْ ٱللَّهَ كَثِيرٗا لَّعَلَّكُمۡ تُفۡلِحُونَ ١٠

Meaning: "When the prayer has been fulfilled, then you are scattered on the earth; and seek the bounty of Allah and remember Allah much so that you may be successful.”

In the explanation of the verse above there are no demands or prohibitions so if it is done it is okay and if it is left it is also okay.

That's the review from About Knowledge.co.id about Taklifi Law, Hopefully it can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read other articles.