Definition of Multicultural Society, Characteristics, Traits, Factors, Types, Impacts

Definition of Multicultural Society, Characteristics, Characteristics, Factors, Types and Impacts – In this discussion, we will discuss about multicultural society. Which includes the understanding, characteristics, nature, influencing factors, types and impacts of multicultural society with a complete and easy-to-understand discussion.

Definition of Multicultural Society, Characteristics, Characteristics, Factors, Types and Impacts

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Understanding Multicultural Society

Simply put, a multicultural society is a society consisting of various ethnic groups and cultures. A multicultural society is a group of people who have a place to live with a variety of cultures and their own characteristics that differentiate people from one another.

Multicultural society often adheres to the notion of multiculturalism, namely the view that each culture has the same position and has its own advantages.

Understanding Multicultural Society According to Experts

The following is the definition of a multicultural society according to experts.

1. J. Nasikun

Understanding multicultural society according to J. Nasikun is a structurally compound trait that has sub-cultures that are worthy which are characterized by a lack of development a value system that is agreed upon by all members of society and also a value system of social unity that often creates conflict social.

2. Parekh

The definition of a multicultural society according to Parekh is a society consisting of various cultural communities with all the benefits and the slight differences that exist in the concepts of the world, systems of meaning, values, organizational forms, history, customs, and habits that there is.

3. Clifford Geertz

The definition of a multicultural society according to Clifford Geertz is a multicultural society is a society that divided into more or less standing subsystems and each of these subsystems is bound by bonds primordial.

4. J. S. Furnival

The definition of multicultural society according to J.S. Furnivall is a society consisting of two or more elements that live separately, without any contact with each other in political life.

Characteristics of a Multicultural Society

The characteristics or characteristics of a multicultural society are:

• Have more than one cultural structure
• The basic value is a mutual agreement that is difficult to move forward
• Social structure is non-complementary
• There is economic, political and socio-cultural domination
• The integration process is slow
• There is a social conflict that smells of SARA

The Nature of Multicultural Society

Pierre L. Van den Berghe states, there are characteristics of a multicultural society, among others:

• There is segmentation in the form of different sub-cultural groups from each other.
• Has a social structure that is divided into non-complementary institutions
• Lack of developing consensus among members on basic values
• There is social integration that grows according to coercion and interdependence in the economic field
• The existence of political domination by one group over another group.

Factors Influencing the Formation of a Multicultural Society

There are several factors that influence the occurrence of a multicultural society, including:

Historical Factor

Indonesia, which is a country with abundant natural resources, makes it inviting foreign countries to join in trade and this also opens up opportunities to control natural resources Indonesia.

Countries such as Portugal, the Netherlands, England and Japan also colonized and settled for a long time and until someone got married in Indonesia. This situation gave rise to the richness of culture and race in Indonesia as the forerunner of the birth of a multicultural society.

Foreign Cultural Influence Factors

Globalization is an important process in the spread of culture in the world, especially in Indonesia. As a country that adheres to a democratic system, Indonesia is very open so that people easily accept the culture that comes even though it rubs against the local culture.

Geographical Factor

It can be seen that the geological structure of Indonesia is located between three plates, namely Asia, Australia and the Pacific. This shows that Indonesia as an archipelagic country has three geology starting from the Asiatic, Australian and Transitional Types.

Making the community life living on the island different from the others according to the circumstances of each island. When these people live on small islands, it will be difficult to get resources, unlike those who live on large islands. That makes the culture of each island different

Religion Factor

As a belief and world view, religion also plays a role in the formation of interactions between humans in an order of life. And also as a symbol and history that strengthens humans in the rules according to the scriptures.

Countries in the world which include Indonesia have people who have different religions and beliefs, this makes a multicultural society emerge.

Climate Factor

Geographical, climatic, and weather conditions that are not the same have an influence on the behavior patterns of individuals who occupy, to adapt or adjust to environmental conditions.

Racial Diversity Factor

Race is a classification system for classifying humans according to physical characteristics, geographical origins and others. It is commonly used of biological traits, or social constructs. The term race is used by anthropologists and scientists to describe genetic differences, while by historians and social scientists race is used as a cultural category. This difference is a factor in the emergence of a multicultural society.

Types of Multicultural Societies

The types or kinds of multicultural society are as follows:

According to Strength

According to its strength, multicultural society is divided into several types, namely:

• A society with balanced competition
• Societies with dominant majority (majority dominating)
• Dominant minority (small group that dominates)
• Fragmentation is a society composed of many small groups and no one dominates

According to the Development Trend and Practice of Multiculturalism

There are several points that can be seen here.

• Isolationist Multiculturalism
  Isolationist multiculturalism is a type of multicultural society group that carries out life autonomously with minimal interaction between groups with each other.
• Accommodating Multicultural
  Accommodative multiculturalism is a type of society that has a dominant culture that makes certain adjustments for minorities. This multicultural society provides freedom for minorities to maintain their culture.
• Autonomous Multicultural
  Autonomous multiculturalism is a type of multicultural society that lives together trying to make their cultural equality exist.
• Critical or Interactive Multiculturalism
  Critical or interactive multiculturalism is a type of society that does not focus on autonomous cultural life, but rather to create a collective culture that reflects and affirms the perspectives of each group Public.
• Cosmopolitan Multiculturalism
  Cosmopolitan multiculturalism is a type of society that seeks to eliminate cultural boundaries within their lives can create a society in each individual who is not bound to culture certain.

Impact of Multicultural Society

The existence of a multicultural society will certainly have a positive or negative impact or impact. Some of these positive and negative impacts include:

Positive Impact of Multicultural Society Masyarakat

• With the diversity of cultures, ethnicities, races and others that are not the same, people can be more open when establishing social relationships.
• Provide a strong bond when having to accept the shortcomings of each group in society.
• Can share knowledge and mutual respect from one culture to another, so that it illustrates if the difference is not a barrier to establish a relationship.

Negative Impact of Multicultural Society

• The emergence of a fanatical attitude even extreme when supporting a certain group.
• There is a flow of politics that prioritizes the progress of a particular group in the political field
• There is an attitude of primordialism, which holds fast to something that was brought from birth, be it a tradition, a belief or another.
• It triggers the emergence of conflict because there is diversity
• Ethnocentrism appears, which is a view according to the society and culture it adheres to, which can result in demeaning other groups.

Thus it has been explained about Definition of Multicultural Society, Characteristics, Characteristics, Factors, Types and Impacts, hopefully can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read other articles.