87 Types of Sentences and Examples
Humans have nature as social beings, so communication with fellow humans is inevitable every day. One of mediacommunication between individuals is language. With language, humans are able to convey message, idea, will, information to other humans. Language has various units that compose it. The smallest unit of language in a language that has a complete meaning is a sentence, but some sources also mention if the smallest part of a language is a word or a phase (a group of words) because words and phrases also have meaning even though they don't intact. This article will discuss starting from the meaning of sentences, the ins and outs of sentences, types of sentences and examples.
Definition of Sentence
As mentioned earlier, the sentence is the smallest unit of language that expresses the mind in its entirety linguistically, the definition is taken from Grammar Raw Indonesian. To interpret it correctly, when pronouncing a sentence, a voice that rises and falls, is gentle, interrupted by pauses, and intonation at the end of the sentence. Meanwhile, to interpret written sentences, punctuation marks are used to represent pronunciation or intonation.
Experts also express their opinions about the definition of sentences, one of which is Kridalaksana. Kridalaksana revealed that a sentence is a language unit that relatively stand alone, have a final initiation pattern, and actually and potentially consist of clauses. Furthermore, the same thing was also stated by Kokt Cook, Cook defines it as a unit language which can relatively stand alone, which has a final intonation pattern and consists of clauses. Other sources state that a sentence is a combination of two or more words that produce an understanding and a final intonation pattern.
Sentence Elements
Sentences have elements that build them, broadly we recognize the basic constituents of sentences which include words; phrase; and clauses. Word is the smallest unit in a sentence grammatically. Words can stand alone, or join other words to build sentence structures. Kridalakana reveals if the word occurs from a single morpheme, such as eat, walk, God, go, return, fruit, and so on.
Another sentence builder is a phrase. Phrases are often defined as a collection of two or more words that do not have a clause, or do not have a predicate in them. As with words, phrases can also stand alone with conditions as an answer to a question. Example
The basic constituent of the next sentence is the clause. According to Cook, a clause is a group of words that contains only one predicate. In addition, Dola defines a clause as a grammatical unit composed of words or phrases that have at least one predicate. Another understanding explains if a sentence is a collection of words that have at least one subject and a predicate.
Example of sentence formation:
Chicken (word)
Fried chicken (phrase)
I eat fried chicken (sentence)
Previously, the terms 'subject' and 'predicate' were mentioned several times. Subject and predicate are some elements of a sentence, if you look more deeply, the other elements that make up another sentence are objects and descriptions. In order to better understand what are the elements contained in a sentence, the following is an explanation,
- Subject
The subject is the part that shows the actor or problem in a sentence. Subjects are generally in the form of nouns or phrases that refer to objects. In addition, the subject can be a word or name that refers to a person or group, for example 'I', 'he', 'they', 'Diana', and others. In addition, the subject will answer questions about: 'what' and 'who'.
Example:
Donald Trump elected president of the United States this year.
(answered, “Who is the president-elect of the United States of America this year?”)
An AKDP bus bus hit the two motorcycles in front of him.
(answer. "What hit the two motorbikes earlier?")
Saipah The one who committed the theft this morning was none other than the former security guard at the house itself.
(replied, "Who carried out the theft this morning?")
- Predicate
The predicate is the basic part of a sentence that states an action or state of the subject which can be in the form of words or phrases. Predicates are used to answer questions: why and how.
Example:
dadsick
(answering, "Dad why didn't you come to work?" or "How's your dad doing?")
Diana not out all day room
(answer,"How are things after hearing the news?")
- Object
In a sentence, the object is the part that completes the predicate, usually in the form of a noun, phrase, or clause. An object can change its position into a subject, if the sentence is changed from an active sentence to a passive sentence.
Example:
Franky kick ball
(Franky: subject; ball: object)
Ball kick Franky
(Franky: object; ball: subject. "Ball" stands as the subject because if the word "Franky" is omitted, then "The ball is kicked" can still stand as a sentence and fulfills the conditions for the existence of a subject and a predicate)
- Information
Description is a part of a sentence that provides more explanation about the subject and predicate in a sentence, in adding an element of explanation it will be accompanied by conjunction or conjunctions. Information can be in the form of a description of the tool, time, purpose, method, inclusion, cause, mutual, and so on.
Example:
Ani goes to the market withbike.
(Bicycle: tool description; with: conjunction)
Ria left her bag inprayer room.
(Mushola: description of the place; in: conjunction)
- Complementary
Complement provides further explanation of the meaning of a sentence. In contrast to adverbs, complementary elements do not require a previous conjunction.
Julia gave Anna Doll gifts
(doll gift: catcher)
All regulations in Indonesia are based on 1945 Constitution
(1995 Constitution: complementary)
Sentence Classification
Sentences have several types that distinguish them from one another. The division of sentence types is based on 1) pronunciation; 2) the number of phrases or grammatical structures; 3) content or function; 4) sentence elements; 5) subject – predicate pattern; 6) style presentation; and 7) the subject. To clarify, here is the review.
1. Division of Sentence Types Based on Pronunciation
Based on the pronunciation, sentences are divided into two types, namely: direct and indirect sentences.
1.1. Direct sentence
Direct sentences are sentences that are quoted from someone's words without going through an intermediary and without changing what he said in the slightest. This sentence is marked by the use of quotation marks to distinguish the quoted sentence from the explanatory sentence.
Example:
"Riana will come home this afternoon," Desti informed
Andriana said, “I probably won't be coming home tonight. I'll give you another news tomorrow."
"If your mother hadn't run away at that time, son," Mother began to say, "there's no way you could have gotten this big. Because if you don't run, we'll all be scorched together village we."
1.2. Indirect Sentence
Indirect sentences are sentences that retell the contents or main points of speech that have been conveyed by someone without the need to quote the entire sentence.
Example:
I've heard Aisya tell me that she's actually not too happy with the news of the matchmaking arranged by her parents.
Earlier, Mrs. Neti said that she couldn't go to class today because of some business. However, he gave an assignment to do the LKS page 75.
Burhani threatened not to go to school if he still felt he got bully-an from his classmate.
2. The Division of Types of Sentences Based on the Number of Phrases (Grammatical Structure)
Judging from the number of phrases, sentences can be divided into single sentences (consisting of nominal sentences and ). verbal sentences) and compound sentences (consisting of equivalent compound sentences, multilevel compound, and compound sentences). mix).
2.1. Single Sentence
A single sentence is a sentence that consists of only one clause, which is formed from one pattern. The following are patterns in single sentences along with examples:
| No | Pattern Sentence | Category Word | Example |
| 1 | Subject (S) + Predicate (P) | Noun (KB) + Verb (KK) | Demonstrators give speeches. |
| Noun + Adjective (KS) | The owner of the villa is scary. | ||
| Noun + Number Word (KBil) | The price of the sofa is two million rupiah | ||
| 2 | S + P + Description (K) | KB + KK +(Conjunction + word Object) | Ayu dances gracefully. |
| 3 | S + P + Complement (Mop) | KB1 + KK + KB2 | His face was flushed red. |
| 4 | S + P + O | KB1 + KK + KB2 | Dad bought bread. |
| 5 | S + P + O + K | KB1 + KK + KB2 +(Conjunction + KB3) | Rasya married the girl in Bali. |
| 6 | S + P + O + Pel | KB1 + KK + KB2 + KB3 | Father bought me a flower. |
Single sentences based on the type of predicate used, are divided into two namely noun sentences and verbal sentences.
- Noun Sentence
A noun sentence is a type of sentence that uses a noun (number or adjective) as a predicate
Example:
That soldier dead on the battlefield.
My younger sister there is two persons
- Verbal Sentence
Verbal sentences are types of sentences that use a verb as a predicate.
Example:
Andi pedaling slow bike.
Siska eat in his room.
2.2. Compound Sentences
Compound sentences are sentences that consist of two or more related single sentences. Based on the position of one single sentence with another, compound sentences are divided into equivalent compound sentences (read: examples of equivalent compound sentences), multilevel (read: example of compound sentence, and mixed (read: example of mixed compound sentence).
- Equivalent Compound Sentences
Compound equivalent sentences are sentences that consist of two single sentences, where the position of each sentence is equal. Compound equivalent sentences are further divided into several types, as follows
1. Compound sentences are equivalent to combining, usually marked by the use of conjunctions "and" or "and".
Example:
I am responsible for the arrival of participants to the inn and Andi will take responsibility for all the needs of the participants when they get there.
2. Compound sentences are equivalent to opposites, usually marked by conjunctions "but", "while", "but", "but", and so on.
Example:
Our class will hold study tour to Palembang, however he chose not to go.
3. Compound sentences are equivalent to selection, usually marked with the conjunction "or".
Example:
Riana is still confused about whether to accompany her mother to study in Germany or stay here with her father.
4. Compound sentences are equivalent to reinforcement, usually marked by the conjunction "even".
Example:
He is indeed a bright young man, even at the age of 17 he already got his first bachelor's degree.
- Multilevel Compound Sentences
A multilevel compound sentence is a sentence that combines two or more single sentences where each other has a different position, namely as the main clause and the subordinate clause. Multilevel compound sentences can be divided into 10 types based on the use of conjunctions or conjunctions, namely,
1. Time: “when”, “since”, “currently”, etc.
Example:
That child has been living alone for a long time since his parents died when she's still a baby.
2. Cause: "because", "because of", "because", "because of", etc.
Example:
Tia decides to leave the house because he could no longer bear to see his father's behavior.
3. Effect: “until”, “so”, “then”, etc.
Example:
The forest fire is spreading to The resulting smog has an impact on Singapore and Malaysia.
4. Conditions: “if”, “provided”, “if”, etc.
Example:
Ani is willing to accept Ali's proposal. if both parents approve of their relationship.
5. Resistance: “even though”, “despite”, etc.
Example:
Although lured by a large amount of compensation, the residents of Kampung Barang still refused to be moved.
6. Conditional: “if”, “if”, etc.
Example:
if Risko waited any longer, he would definitely meet Dewi at the cafe.
7. Purpose: “so”, “so”, “to”, etc.
Example:
Triana decided to move into this apartment so that closer to his office.
8. Comparison: “like”, “like”, “as”, “like”, etc.
Example:
The slave fell love on the royal princess like hump that misses the moon.
9. Restrictions: “except”, “other than”, etc.
Example:
He is very good at all subjects except sports.
10. Tool: "with + noun"
Example:
The man went to the office by car.
- Mixed Compound Sentences
Equivalent compound sentences are compound sentences that combine equivalent compound sentences with equivalent compound sentences. Mixed compound sentences consist of at least three single sentences.
Example:
Patria is cooking and Toni is watching TV in the living room, when I arrived at their house.
(The conjunction "and" denotes an equivalent compound sentence, the conjunction "when" indicates a multilevel compound sentence.)
3. Division of Sentence Types Based on Content or Functions
According to the division based on the content or function of a sentence, sentences are divided into five types, as follows:
3.1. News Sentences or Statements (Declarative Sentence)
Is a sentence that aims to convey information. This sentence in writing ends with a period punctuation mark (.). In its reading, at the end of the sentence it usually has a decreasing intonation.
Example:
Ari was running into the forest. (tell certainty)
I refused to attend the event. (tell denial)
The new player doesn't seem to have much to worry about. (tell doubt)
3.2. Interrogative sentence (Interrogative Sentence)
Is a sentence used to find out an information or answer or response from the interlocutor. This sentence in writing ends with a question mark (?). Example:
How are you today?
Have you met his father in person?
Where do you live now?
Who brought you to the house earlier?
When was the last time you saw the man?
Why do you look so cheerful today?
3.3. Imperative sentence (Imperative Sentence)
Command sentence is a sentence that aims to give an order to someone to do something. In writing, the command sentence will end with an exclamation mark (!). And in the reading, at the end of the sentence is usually used a rising intonation.
Example:
Please get the paper on the table! (application)
Do not come close! (ban)
Let's preserve the conservation of the protected forest? (invitation)
3.4. Exclamation Sentence
Exclamatory sentences are used to express feelings. Just like a command sentence, the pronunciation at the end of the sentence is usually marked with a high intonation. In writing, exclamatory sentences also end with an exclamation mark (!).
Example:
Wow, what a beautiful beach!
Hooray, I won!
3.5. Conditional Sentence
The conditional sentence aims to describe the wishes or goals of the writer or speaker that have not been or have not been realized. The conditional sentence in writing ends with a period punctuation mark (.).
Example:
If only I could turn back time.
If I ever become a doctor, I will only go to remote areas and provide treatment for the needy there.
4. Division of Sentence Types Based on Sentence Elements
Judging from the elements in it, sentences can be divided into two, namely: complete sentences and incomplete sentences.
4.1. Complete Sentence
Complete sentences are sentences that at least consist of a subject and a predicate. Figurative sentences can be categorized as complete sentences.
Example:
Childrenplayedin the field
S P K
Father buynew car
S P O
4.2. Incomplete Sentence
Incomplete sentences are sentences that are not perfect. Sentences with imperfect forms sometimes only have a subject, a predicate, or even consist of only objects and descriptions. This sentence is usually used for slogans, greetings, commands, questions, invitations, answers, exclamations, prohibitions, greetings, and admiration.
Example:
Hey, Diana!
Diligence is the mother of good luck.
Wow, how beautiful!
Thank you.
Good afternoon!
Not.
5. Division of Sentence Types Based on Subject Patterns – Predicates
When viewed from the structure and arrangement of the subject and predicate, sentences can be divided into two types, namely: version sentence and inversion sentence.
5.1. Sentence Version
Version sentences are sentences that match the basic sentence patterns in Indonesian (S – P) or (S – P – O – K) or (S – P – K) and so on.
Example:
Iwalkso farthree kilometers.
S P K
Diahbuyshoesat Anyer Pasar Market
S P O K
5.2. Inversion Sentence
An inversion sentence is a sentence that has the characteristic of having a predicate that precedes the subject word. Version sentences are usually used to convey emphasis or assertiveness of meaning. The first word that appears is kaa which determines the meaning of the sentence as well as being a word that creates an impression on the reader and listener.
Example:
Bringthat girlin front of me!
P S K
6. Division of Sentence Types Based on Presentation Style
Based on the style of presentation, sentences are categorized into three types, namely:
6.1. Sentences That Let Go
This sentence is a sentence that is written or spoken using a detached presentation style. Release writing style is characterized by a compound sentence that begins with the main sentence or main sentence and is followed by a subordinate clause.
Example:
Putri would not have missed the train if there had been no accident on the road that caused a long traffic jam.
("Princess will not be left behind by the train" is the main sentence, "the train if there was no accident that caused a long traffic jam" is a clause.)
6.2. Climax Sentence
This sentence is formed when a compound sentence is presented by placing a subordinate clause in front of the main sentence. These sentences are usually marked with a comma (,).
Example:
If he was taken to the hospital sooner, maybe his life could still be saved
(“If he was taken to the hospital sooner” is a clause, “maybe his life could still be saved” is the main sentence)
6.3. Balanced Sentence
Balanced sentences are usually arranged in the form of equivalent compound sentences or mixed compound sentences. A balanced presentation style aims to show the alignment of form and information.
Example:
Beef prices soared ahead of Eid al-Adha, traders and consumers complained about the high increase.
7. Division of Sentence Types Based on the Subject
When viewed from the subject, sentences are divided into two types, namely: active and passive sentences.
7.1. Active Sentence
Active sentence is a sentence in which the subject element in it performs an action (work). This type of sentence will use a predicate with the prefix "me-" and "ber-" and a predicate that in the form of verbs that cannot be prefixed with "me-", such as bathing, going, sleeping, etc etc.
Example:
Ani goes to the market.
Surya crawled in the darkness so as not to be seen by the enemy.
Active sentences can be categorized into 3 types, namely,
- Transitive Active Sentence
This active sentence can be inserted object elements in it. This active sentence usually has a predicate that begins with "me-" and can be changed into the passive form.
Example:
They made a map with a scale of 1: 1,000,000. (active form)
A map with a scale of 1: 1,000,000 was created by them. (passive form)
- Intransitive Active Sentence
This active sentence does not allow the object in it to follow. This active sentence usually uses a predicate that begins with "ber-" and cannot be used as a passive sentence at home.
Example:
Police stand guard around the site of the bombing.
My cat has three children.
- Semi Transitive Sentence
This sentence is an active sentence that cannot be changed into a passive form because this sentence is followed by a complementary element, not an object.
Example:
Susilo Bambang YudhoyonoBecomessixth president Indonesia
S P Pel
This decisionbased onresult discussion
S P Pel
7.2. Passive sentences
Passive sentences are sentences whose subject is subject to work or action. Passive sentences usually have a predicate in the form of a verb starting with "di-" and "ter-" and followed by the preposition "by". Passive sentences are divided into two forms, namely,
- Ordinary Passive Sentence
This passive sentence is the result of the transformation of the transitive active sentence. This passive sentence has a predicate that has the affixes "di-", "ter-", "ke-an".
Example:
Adnan kicked the ball.
The paper was blown away.
- Zero Passive Sentence
This passive sentence has the object of the actor adjacent to the object of the sufferer without the insertion of other words. The predicate in this sentence uses the ending "-kan" and without the prefix "di-". In addition, the predicate can also be a root word from a verb.
Example:
I will show my skills here.
I'll pass your message on to him.
This is an explanation of the types of sentences and their examples. Hopefully this article is useful.