Standard and Non-Standard Sentences
When we will make types of paragraphs, types of essays or various texts in Indonesian, we will compose and assemble several sentences. Commonly used sentences in paragraph, essay, text, or other written communication is a standard sentence. Meanwhile, non-standard sentences are generally used in a conversation that we do everyday.
On this occasion, we will briefly review about sentence Standard and non-standard sentences are related to their respective meanings, functions, characteristics, and examples.
Definition
According to Sasangka (2014), a sentence is the smallest unit of language that can express a complete thought or every speech that can express something information completely. The standard sentence is a sentence whose writing is in accordance with the rules of language raw and can convey information accurately. On the other hand, non-standard sentences are sentences whose writing is not in accordance with the existing standard language rules.
Standard sentences are usually used in the following situations.
- Official communication, for example letter official correspondence such as official letters, commercial letters, and others; announcements of official agencies, legislation, official naming and terminology, and so on.
- Technical discourse such as official reports, textbooks, and others.
- Public speaking such as lectures, lectures, discussion, etc.
- Conversations according to the place, situation, and conditions, for example with people who are older or respected.
Function
Language plays a very important role in communicating and fostering cooperation. The role in question is generally identical to the function language raw. In other words, the standard sentence function refers to the standard language function, namely:
- as a social unifying tool, culture, and language
- as a marker of personality speaking and communicating
- as an addition to the authority of officials or intellectuals
- as a marker of scientific reference and writing scientific essays
While the function of non-standard sentences is to add comfort, intimacy, and create a more relaxed atmosphere when communicating.
Characteristic
Both standard and non-standard sentences have their own characteristics. The following are the characteristics of standard sentences and non-standard sentences.
| No. | Standard Sentence | Non-standard Sentences |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | Have at least a subject and a predicate. | It has no subject or predicate or both. |
| 2. | Economical in using words, in the sense of not using words, phrases or other forms that are considered unnecessary even though they do not violate grammatical rules. | Using words-word, phrases or other unnecessary forms. |
| 3. | Have parallels or parallels, namely the similarity of the form of the word before and after the conjunction in one sentence. | Does not have parallels or parallels, in the sense that there is no similarity in the form of words before and after conjunctions in one sentence. |
| 4. | Logical and reasonable, in the sense that the elements in the sentence have a logical relationship. | It is illogical because the elements in the sentence do not have a logical relationship. |
| 5. | Using spelling correctly in accordance with the rules in the General Guidelines for Indonesian Spelling. These rules include writing capital letters and italics, writing numbers and symbols of numbers, using punctuation or punctuation, particle writing, use of articles, writing acronyms and abbreviations, writing loan words, and writing words raw. | The spelling used is incorrect or not in accordance with the General Guidelines for Indonesian Spelling. |
| 6. | Use conjunctions properly. In standard sentences, conjunctions must be used together or in pairs such as neither … nor …; no… but…; not... but... ; and More than … . The conjunctions that cannot be used at the same time include: though… but…; because…then…; because… so…; although… however…; if then …; and if...then.... | Conjunctions are used incorrectly. |
| 7. | Unambiguous, in the sense that people who are invited to communicate can understand and understand what is meant. | character ambiguous so there are often misinterpretations. |
| 8. | Prepositions are used correctly and appropriately, such as meet with, talk about, to-, to-, at, to, than. | Prepositions are not used properly. |
| 9. | Putting aspect descriptions like want, want, will, should, haven't, have, or want appropriately. | Aspect description is not placed correctly. |
| 10. | Free from regional languages and lexical and grammatical elements of regional dialects. | Influenced by regional languages and lexical and grammatical elements of regional dialects. |
Example
Here are some examples of standard and non-standard sentences in Indonesian.
| No. | Standard Sentence | Non-standard Sentences |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | The drink contains poison. | The drink contains poison. |
| 2. | English needs to be taught to students. | Students need to be taught English. |
| 3. | The incident showed his work went wrong. | With that incident showed his work was not right. |
| 4. | Because he was not invited, he did not come to study together. | Because he was not invited, he did not study together. |
| 5. | I've been waiting for you since morning. | I've been waiting for you since morning. |
| 6. | Many viewers were disappointed with the program presented. | Many spectators were disappointed with the program presented. |
| 7. | Acts of cruelty, violence, and oppression are unacceptable acts. | Acts of cruelty, violence, and oppression are not commendable acts. |
| 8. | The father helped the boy by leading him to the side of the road. | The father helped the child by leading him to the side of the road. |
| 9. | Fuel prices are frozen or increased flexibly. | Fuel prices frozen or increased flexibly. |
| 10. | The book discusses the problem of environmental pollution. | The book discusses the problem of environmental pollution. |
| 11. | Indrawati plucks a red rose. | Indrawati plucks a red rose. |
| 12. | My father bought seven sacks of rice. | Father bought seven sacks of rice. |
| 13. | The women's designer died horribly in a hotel room. | The female fashion designer died tragically in a hotel room. |
| 14. | Paintings by Raden Saleh are very expensive. | Raden Saleh's paintings are very expensive. |
| 15. | An entrepreneur must be good at analyzing the market situation. | An entrepreneur must be good at analyzing market situations. |
| 16. | They will meet the Mayor of Bandung. | They will meet the mayor of Bandung. |
| 17. | Both men and women have the right to be elected and to vote. | Both men and women have the right to be elected and to vote. |
| 18. | If you study hard, you will succeed. | If you study hard, you will succeed. |
| 19. | They talked about what happened last night. | They talked about last night's events. |
| 20. | This watch is made of wood. | This watch is made of wood. |
| 21. | He sleeps at night. | He sleeps at night. |
| 22. | I want to discuss the matter with you. | I want to talk to you about that matter. |
| 23. | Why did you go? | Why did you go? |
| 24. | Don't go with him. | Don't go with him. |
| 25. | The results of this study can provide input to the world of communication science. | The results of this study can provide assistance to the world of science communication. |
| 26. | This disaster is man-made. | This disaster was caused by act human. |
| 27. | Lots of trash strewn on the side of the road. | Lots of trash strewn on the side of the road. |
| 28. | Children clean their school environment. | Many children clean the school environment. |
| 29. | The environment is cleaned so as not to become a nest of disease. | The environment is cleaned so that it does not become a nest of disease. |
| 30. | This is our fault. | This is our fault. |
| 31. | Many trees are cut down arbitrarily. | Many trees were cut down arbitrarily. |
| 32. | Several environmental problems are being handled by the government. | Several environmental issues are being handled by the government. |
| 33. | The fathers work together to clean up village. | The fathers worked together to clean the village. |
| 34. | The police managed to reveal many cases. | The police managed to uncover many cases. |
| 35. | Keep your book covers clean and tidy. | Cover your books to keep them clean and tidy. |
| 36. | Pancasila is the state ideology. | Pancasila is the state ideology. |
| 37. | The accident was caused by a sleepy bus driver. | The accident was caused by a sleepy bus driver. |
| 38. | Take the medicine so you get well soon. | Take the medicine so you get well soon. |
| 39. | I come from the Dayak tribe. | I come from tribe Dayak. |
| 40. | The victim of the accident was taken to the hospital. | The victim of the accident was taken to the hospital. |
Thus a brief review of standard and non-standard sentences in the Indonesian language Indonesia. Other articles that can be read include give examples of standard sentences and non-standard sentences, give examples of standard and non-standard sentences, give examples of non-standard sentences, give an example of a non-standard sentence converted into a standard sentence kalimat, give an example of a standard sentence, Give an example of how to change a non-standard sentence into a standard sentence, and examples of standard and non-standard words and their meanings. May be useful. Thank you.