Description Text: Definition, 18 Examples, Types, Characteristics, Structure
Description is a type of writing related to an author to provide details of the object described. According to Keraf (1981: 93) Kata description Derived from the Latin word describe which means to write about or reveal something. On the other hand, the word description can be translated into description, which comes from the word peri- describe which means 'to describe something'.
Based on this description, Keraf (1981: 93) argues that description is a form of writing related to the authors' efforts to reveal the details of the object being studied discussed. In this regard, Kurniasari (2014: 141) explains that:
The description contains the experience that is clearly described. The experience can be in the form of an object. When reading and listening, it is as if the reader or listener feels themselves like seeing, hearing, or touching.
Write description text as a text that provides a description of an object or event based on the results of the author's observations, feelings, and experiences.
Learning to write descriptive text can help students in practice sensitivity because by writing descriptive text, students can explain actually a certain object or atmosphere. In addition, students can write in detail the elements, characteristics and structure of the form of an object in a concrete way in the form of text that can be informed to the reader.Definition of Description Text
The description text is a paragraph where the main idea is conveyed by clearly describing the object, place, or event that is being the topic to the reader. So that the reader seems to feel directly what is being expressed in the text.
The statement above shows that descriptive text is a text that describes objects related to sensing. This is emphasized by Expert Parera (1987: 5), that the description is a form of writing that is alive and influential. This essay deals with sensory experiences such as sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste.
Sujanto (1998: 11), explains that the description is a description of the reception captured by the five senses. We see, hear, smell, and feel through the human senses, and with them so that they can be experienced by others.
The method of writing descriptive text is stated by Semi (2007: 114).
Describing something in such a way that the reader is made capable (as if to feel, see, hear or experience) as perceived by the five senses. Because it is based on the five senses, and details or descriptions rely heavily on concrete imaging and details or specifications.
Based on the opinion above, it can be concluded that writing descriptive text is a process of describing objects, especially objects that are far away and cannot be presented in class. Because the object of the description text is a reality object, students cannot just create their own creations in their minds.
Description Text Type
The descriptive text itself is divided into 3 types, namely:
- Spatial Description Paragraph: paragraph whose topic is a room or place. This paragraph describes a space or place very clearly to the reader.
- Objective Description Paragraph: This paragraph describes an object according to reality without the author's personal opinion or impression
- Subjective Description Paragraph: This paragraph describes an object based on what is felt, seen by the author himself. In other words, the author expresses personal opinions about the state of an object or object.
Destination Text Description
The purpose of the text is different from the negotiating text, where the purpose of the descriptive text is very clear, namely so that people those who read this text are as if they are directly experiencing what is being explained in the text that.
Description Text Structure
There are 3 structures that make up the descriptive text so that it becomes a whole. The 3 structures are:
- Identification: Determinants of the identity of a person, thing, and so on.
- Classification : Systematic arrangement in groups according to established rules or standards.
- Part Description: The text section that contains the descriptions of the sections in the text.
Characteristics of Description Text
According to Kurniasari (2014: 141), the characteristics of this text are very clear so it will be very easy to distinguish this text from other texts. Here are its characteristics:
- The contents describe a certain object, place, living thing, or arrangement.
- The depiction is done using the five senses used, including the sense of sight, the sense of hearing, the sense of smell, the sense of taste, or the sense of touch.
- The purpose of reading the descriptive paragraph is as if the person who is reading or being told feels and sees the object in question for themselves.
Language Rules Description Text
The following are the linguistic rules of descriptive text:
- Use nouns according to the topic being described. Such as: school, home, my teacher, my friends, etc.
- Use phrases that contain nouns. For example, he is a humble principal, etc.
- Contains descriptive adjectives. Such as: one diligent student, two white socks, etc.
- Contains Transitive verbs to provide subject information. Like: the student is wearing a blue white uniform, etc.
- Contains verbs (feelings, opinions) with the aim of expressing the author's personal view on the subject. Like: I think it's a smart cat, I believe the book is cheap, etc.
- Contains adverbs to provide additional information about the object. Such as: quickly, at home, in the canteen, etc.
- Contains figurative language in the form of parables or metaphors. Such as: the skin is soft like silk thread, etc.
Example of Description Text
Example Spatial Description Paragraph
1. That day I woke up late. It feels like this body doesn't want to move from the bed located in the corner of my room right under the window. The soft mattress clings tightly to my body. Coupled with the blanket made of silk fabric in pink and fragrant makes me feel at home on it for a long time. I looked at the large wall clock that I placed on the study table made of wood with green paint and it showed the number 8. I immediately got up from my bed. Then I went around the room measuring 5 X 6 meters and I observed all the contents of my room like a wardrobe in the room beside my bed with a pretty big mirror in the middle and posters of my idols stuck to the colored walls white. I realized that I would really miss my room because I would soon be going abroad to study.
2. My classroom is very clean and comfortable. The area is approximately 6 X 7 meters with white walls and very clean tiled floors. My class has 35 chairs and benches made of wood. Right in front of the classroom there are 2 very large blackboards. The teacher's desk looks very neat with a blue flower patterned table mat with a flower vase and a pile of books on it next to the blackboard. Next to the teacher's desk there is a cupboard where you can store cleaning equipment such as brooms, mops and glass rags. Our beautiful classroom walls are decorated with pictures of presidents and heroes. That's my class, a very clean and comfortable class.
3. Dareh River is a very clean and natural river. The width of the river which is only 6 meters makes it a safe place to swim. The water is clean and fresh, almost no garbage floats. Along the banks of the river there are quite large rocks. The left side of the river is a very wide rice field. While the right side of the river is forest. That is why this river is very suitable as a tourist spot.
Example of an Objective Description Paragraph
1. Football is a team game, this sport requires eleven players, consisting of 1 goalkeeper, 4 defenders, and the rest are midfielders and attackers. This sport requires a ball and a goal as a complementary tool for the game. Not only that, football also requires a referee as a judge on the field. This sport lasts 90 minutes and is divided into 2 rounds where each round takes 45 minutes.
2. The Monas statue is a monument that was built to symbolize the spirit of the Indonesian people's struggle. This monument was built in 1959 on the initiative of President Soekarno. Monas has a height of about 132 meters and consists of 3 parts, namely the lower court which is 45. wide meters, the upper court which is 11 meters high and the tongue of the fire made of gold which is 17 high meters. This monument is located in a field with an area of about 80 hectares right in the middle of Jakarta.
3. Ciledug Hot Springs is a water tourism in West Java. This tourist spot is about 5 km from the city center. In this place there are several hot springs that come from deep in the earth. The first hot pool is about 20 degrees Celsius, the second pool has a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius, and the last pool is a pool that is not used as a place to soak because the heat reaches 70 degrees Celsius. This tourist spot has an area of about 15 hectares and has shopping places, meeting places and restaurants.
Example Paragraph Description Subjective
1. Pak Sholeh's meatballs are the most delicious meatballs in town. The meatballs made from beef are very tender and delicious on the tongue. The size is quite large unlike the size of meatballs in general. Usually the meatballs are round, but Pak Sholeh's meatballs are triangular. Not only the meatballs are delicious. The noodles are chewy and delicious because they are made from selected flour. Coupled with a very delicious and savory sauce that blends with the taste of meatballs and noodles. Pak Sholeh's Meatball soup is made from family heritage ingredients that are kept secret. That's why this meatball has quite a lot of fans.
2. Argo Fruit Garden is an excellent tourist spot for families. The place is comfortable and away from the noise of the city, making family gatherings more meaningful. In this fruit garden there are many facilities provided such as water tourism, fruit harvesting and out bond tours. In this park you will find an artificial pond that was deliberately built right in the middle of the park. Not only that, this tourist spot has hundreds of various fruit trees lined up very neatly.
3. Pak Usman is a teacher who is very much feared by his students. He looks very dashing and fierce. His enormous height of nearly 2 meters made him look like a soldier. Mr. Usman is very disciplined. He always scolded his students who violated the rules such as being late, long hair and truant. Even so, Pak Usman is still a responsible teacher. He always teaches sincerely and diligently.
Example of a descriptive text about a school and its structure
School
Identification:
School is a place to study where there are students and teachers. Schools are divided into two, namely public schools and private schools. Public schools are schools built and financed by the government. While private schools are schools that are usually owned by foundations or individuals. The purpose of the school itself is to teach students both about knowledge and to learn how to be polite in social life. The benefits of the existence of the school itself can be seen from the number of students who have good achievements and get the desired job. Because without a school, someone will not necessarily get the job they want because of the many prerequisites for getting a good job.
Classification :
In public schools and private schools, there are similarities in the completeness in schools such as libraries, computer labs, UKS, language labs and so on. Completeness in the room in the school also does not have much difference, for example in the classroom there are tables and chairs. Differences in classrooms such as facilities such as air conditioning, fans, speakers and even then can only be obtained at schools that are known to have good facilities. While the outdoor facilities can be seen from the completeness of the sports facilities owned. In addition to schools that have good facilities, it is also possible that many schools do not have adequate facilities. Usually schools that lack good facilities are located in remote areas.
A student who occupies the school bench has a considerable difference compared to someone who does not occupy the school bench. Because the benefits provided by the existence of the school itself is to educate students in terms of lessons and good behavior. Because someone who does not sit in school is felt to lack the right understanding of how to good study due to lack of encouragement from someone who does have deeper knowledge field.
Part Description:
In addition to the existing facilities in the school, accreditation at the school is also important. Because accreditation determines whether the school is good or not in all aspects. Both in performance and facilities. Accreditation in schools is also considered and considered in the selection of students in a school. For example, a student who wants to enroll in a college must first consider where the student's school is from and the predicate of the accreditation it has.
Example of a descriptive text about Indonesian nature and its structure
Mount Bromo
Identification
Mount Bromo is a beautiful mountain located in East Java, and is included in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park. This mountain area has its own uniqueness where at an altitude of 2392 meters above sea level, there will be a very wide stretch of sand about 5,250 hectares. Here the visitors can enjoy the scenery by riding a horse. Another thing that cannot be missed is enjoying the sunrise at Mount Bromo, from the top of Mount Penanjakan which is at an altitude of 2,770 meters.
Classification
The natural scenery at sunrise is amazing, the sun slowly starting to rise, accompanied by the dashing background of Mount Semeru, emitting smoke from a distance presents beautiful scenery that is difficult to describe so that at times like that it is a pity if it is not captured with precious moments in the form of take pictures.
Mount Bromo is inhabited by the indigenous people of the Tengger tribe. The indigenous people of Tengger believe that Mount Bromo is a mountain where a prince sacrifices his life for the sake of his family. The community also routinely holds the Yadnya Kasada or Kasodo festival. So the right time to visit Mount Bromo is during Kasada month or usually in September-November.
In the month of Kasada, you will be able to witness the Kasada festival, which is an annual ceremony for the Tenggerese natives who come to Bromo to celebrate throwing offerings in the form of vegetables, chicken, money into the crater of a volcano as a form of gratitude and presented to God. Each procession of this ceremony is very attractive to tourists so that during the Bromo Kasada ceremony more and more visitors are visited.
According to the story of Mount Bromo, it comes from the word Brahma, which is one of the gods of Hinduism. As a large and beautiful mountain, Bromo is still included in the group of volcanoes that are still active, even though Mount Bromo is not as big as other volcanoes in Indonesia, but the natural scenery and atmosphere of the mountain make this mountain very worthy to be seen visit. So that tourists are not deterred to visit and visit again to enjoy the natural beauty of Mount Bromo. As a result, Bromo has become one of the famous tourist destinations in Indonesia and has become a tourist icon in East Java.
Description
To get to Mount Bromo, visitors can travel first to Malang City. Because the city of Malang is a fairly large city, to get to this city can be taken with various kinds of transportation. Starting from private vehicles, buses, trains or via plane. Jeep or land rover 4×4 is a public vehicle used in the Bromo area. Indeed, the price is quite expensive but everything will feel lighter if you travel with a group.
Example of a descriptive text about the nature of marine plants and their structure
Sea Plants
Identification:
Sea plants are plants that live on the seabed. Plants or seaweed are one of the biological resources found in coastal and marine areas. The term "seaweed" is botanically ambiguous because it is used for two different groups of "plants"
Part Description:
Sea plants are very many types, there are seaweed, seaweed, algae, sea anemones, sea algae, sponges and others.
Benefit Description:
Marine plants have many benefits, namely materials for household decoration, medicines, materials for science, biological indicators. to determine environmental degradation, skin and eye medicine, helps to resist erosion, reduces the danger of flooding, and is able to absorb water in season dry.
Example of a descriptive text about animals and their structures
MY RABBIT
Identification:
I have a female rabbit, which I named lucy. Lucy is a Persian rabbit that my father gave me because I got the first rank in class. Along with the cage, the food dad gave me this rabbit and dad told me to take good care of it.
Classification :
Lucy my bunny has white fur that is soft and smells great. His ears are very long about 30 cm in length. weighing 60 grams with a body length of about 50 cm. Lucy has clear and very beautiful turquoise green eyes.
Lucy likes to eat her vegetables and of course her favorite food is carrots. When it was time for her meal she would always be on time, coming up to me and writhing at my feet.
Description:
Even though Lucy is a female rabbit she is a very active rabbit. he always plays with me when I come home from school, he always comes up to me and jumps and jumps meaning he wants to play with me. We always play under the tree in front of my house playing together under the tree with pets is fun. I'm very happy that dad gave me a rabbit as a gift, I'm not bored at home all the time.
Example of a descriptive text about a house
Ani's house
Ani's house is located in front of my house, where in the yard there is a mango tree which makes the atmosphere feel fresh. Beautiful flowers decorate the front of Ani's house.
The walls of Ani's house are white with green doors and windows. And the clean white ceramic floor makes Ani's house very pleasing to the eye.
In Ani's house, the position of the items is very carefully considered so that everything is neatly arranged. The floor is clean and the smell of the room makes people who stop by want to linger in it.
Examples of Descriptive Text About Art
Australian Craft Fair
The exhibition of Australian craftsmen's works at the National Museum, Jakarta, presents works with a touch of modern art. There are bowls, teapots, drinking utensils, bottles, vases, oil lamps, trays, and so on arranged in the nuances of one style. The distinctive and natural colors in the craft work create a distinct image in the eyes of visitors.
Moreover, the cool room and balanced lighting add to the impression that the items on display are so attractive. Not only that, the soft strains of traditional Australian music presented in the exhibition room, with a sound system on either side of the room, made visitors feel comfortable.
I wish we had just one of the items on display in this room. It's just the price posted that makes us disappointed. "Expensive!" "How can we afford to buy if the standard price is dollars." Said one of our colleagues, full of irritation.
Examples of Descriptive Text About Travel
Beautiful Parangtritis
One of the mainstays of Yogyakarta City tourism is Parangtritis Beach. Precisely Parangtritis Beach is located in Kretek District, Bantul, Yogyakarta Special Region. This beach is located about 27 km south of Yogyakarta.
The view of Parangtritis Beach is very charming. On the left, we can see a very high cliff, on the right, we can see large rocks that seem ready to guard against the onslaught of the waves that come at any time. The beach is clean with white foam grading gray and a combination of green is really beautiful.
The beauty of the beach feels perfect in the afternoon. In the afternoon, we can see the sunset which is a very special moment. Beautiful nature painting. A tinge of golden red in the sky with the sheen of the beach water in the afternoon sun is a stunning sight. The feeling of warmth mingled with the gentle breeze of the afternoon, enveloped the whole body. As if enchanted we watched the sun slowly as if entering into the expanse of sea water.
The number of tourists who always visit Parangtritis Beach makes this beach never empty of visitors. At Parangtritis beach, we can see crowds of children playing with sand. Young and old enjoying the fresh sea breeze. We can also ride a horse or a kind of carriage transportation that can take us to the coral reef area which is really very beautiful.
Sample Descriptive Text About Parents
Father, my role model
My father's name is Abu Salman. My father is of medium stature, about 54 years old. His hair is white. On his chin there is a white beard shave mark on his chin. My father's skin is light yellow. Father's face is typical Batak with a strong jaw and a sharp nose but rather large. His eyes were sharp black with thick eyebrows. At first glance my father looks like an Indian.
Even though it looks terrible, my father is a patient person. His face is calm and always smiling in the face of any problem. Yes, my father was the most patient person I have ever known. Never looks grumpy or yelling. He always shows his feelings through meaningful gestures on his face. When he saw his son was stubborn, the father just shook his head and said softly to persuade him.
Unlike Batak people who have a rather loud accent, my father is very quiet. He is frugal in words, prefers to give direct examples to his children without the need to patronize. Like water that flows quietly, but very deep. He is a role model for his children.
Sample Descriptive Text About MOTHER
Mom, My Inspiration
My mother's name is Wulandari. Her face always shines like the moon. It fits perfectly with the name which means the moon shines. His face is round with thin eyebrows like ants marching. My mother's skin is brown, typical of Javanese women. He is neither tall nor short. Her hair is wavy black. Until the age of 56 years I saw his hair was still jet black without polish. His strong eyes are now starting to glaze over with age. But the eyes of his heart remained strong as steel.
Mother is a very good woman. He is friendly and soft spoken to everyone. He really likes to help others, especially those who are in trouble. His profession as a teacher further strengthens his principle to always teach kindness to others.
Even though she is old, my mother is still studying. My mother continued to the S-2 level. Even though he shouldn't be busy with college assignments. However, it seems that my mother really enjoyed her school. While singing a little he did his college assignments. Learning continues throughout life, that's the motto.
Steps on How to Write Creative Thinking Oriented Description Text
Djuharie (2001: 57), explains the steps of writing descriptive text.
- Determine or choose the theme / topic of the essay.
The first step in making an essay is to determine the theme or topic of the essay. Theme is defined as the topic of conversation. In determining the topic, the writer must master exactly what problems will be written. So so that the topic really materializes, choose a topic that really attracts attention.
- Setting Goals
Every activity carried out has a purpose. Likewise with composing / writing. Setting a writing goal is important before writing. By setting a clear goal will help the author get an idea of the problem that will be written.
- Gathering Information/Materials
To achieve the goals that have been set, it is necessary to find materials in the form of information related to the topic that can be done. The activity of collecting materials can be done by observing or observing a process or desire for something that is needed and will be used as a source of writing.
- Creating Outlines
The outline of the story is the outline of the story that will be poured into a piece of writing. Before writing, a writer needs to determine the outline of the writing. This is in accordance with the opinion of Keraf (1981: 132) that; An essay outline is a work plan that contains the outlines of an essay to be worked on.
- Developing an Outline
After the framework of the karengan essay is compiled, the next step is to develop it into a complete writing. In writing or developing an essay framework, there are several elements that must be considered and these elements are an assessment of whether or not the essay is made. These elements are the content of the ideas put forward, the organization of the content (sequence of events), grammar, choice of structure and vocabulary and the use of proper spelling.
Based on this opinion, the steps in writing a descriptive text consist of determining or choosing the theme/topic of the essay, setting goals, gathering information/materials, creating an outline, developing outline.
Hopefully this descriptive text material is useful, loyal friends, readers, education teachers
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