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4 Types of Sentences Based on Their Functions

According to the Big Dictionary LanguageIndonesia, a sentence is defined as a language unit which relatively stand alone, has a final intonation pattern, and actually and factually consists of clause in Indonesian. The sentence itself has the characteristics of sentences in Indonesian, sentence elements in Indonesian, as well as basic sentence patterns and examples previously described. In addition to these three, sentences also have several types based on the functions contained in them.

As for types of sentences based on their function are as follows.

1. Statement Sentence

Is a sentence that functions to state something – usually in the form of information or facts – that is conveyed to a wide audience without expecting a response or reply from the audience. This sentence is also commonly referred to as declarative sentence. As for the characteristics of paragraph these are as follows:

  • Ends with use of dot (.).
  • Has a flat and neutral final intonation pattern, in the sense that it is not exaggerated or understated when the statement sentence is spoken.
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  • Aims to provide information or facts to the public.
  • Not expecting a reply from the audience who received sentence statement.

In order to better understand what a statement sentence looks like, here are some: Example of a statement sentence in Indonesian:

  • Yesterday, we passed each other by the side of the road.
  • The graduation ceremony on campus went smoothly.

2. Question Sentences or Question Sentences

Is a type of sentence that aims to ask something to the party being asked, where the party being asked must answer the question. This sentence can also be referred to as interrogative sentence. This sentence has a number of characteristics, namely:

  • Existence question word function in the sentence.
  • Aim to ask something.
  • If you don't use a question word, you usually use the particle -kah in one of the words in the interrogative sentence. (usually a word with a particle -kah is the first word of the interrogative sentence.
  • Ends with example of using question mark (?).
  • The intonation pattern is sometimes up and sometimes down.

As for example of interrogative sentence or sentence questions are as follows:

  • Did you have breakfast this morning?
  • Why does your face keep frowning?

3. Imperative sentence

Is a sentence that contains an order or inducement to someone so that someone wants to carry out the order or inducement. This sentence is also known as imperative sentence. The characteristics of this sentence are:

  • Use word exclamations like come on, don't, and its kind.
  • Using particles -lah or - right.
  • Ends with example of using exclamation mark (!).
  • Has a high intonation pattern when spoken.

In addition to features, imperative sentences also have several types, where types of commands These include:

  1. Usual command line: is a sentence that contains direct commands and is commonly used in everyday conversation. Example: close that door now!
  2. Invitation command sentence: is a sentence that contains an invitation to do something. For example: Come on, let's keep our environment clean!
  3. The prohibition order (imperative sentence prohibition): is a sentence that contains a prohibition to do something. For example: don't litter!
  4. Request command sentence (examples of imperative sentences request and wish): is a sentence that contains a request or hope addressed to someone. For example: I beg you, please stay here!
  5. Alone command sentence: is a sentence that contains a command in the form of satire. For example: ouch, my throat is so dry! (intends to ask for a drink)
  6. Command prompts (example of imperative sentence of omission): is a command sentence that contains permission or omission of an action. For example: come on sir, please come in!
  7. Suggestion commands: is a command sentence that serves to order someone in the form of a suggestion. Example: you should stay away from your friend!
  8. Information command sentence: is a command sentence that is conveyed in the form of information. Example: Mother told you not to play at sunset.

4. Exclamation Sentence

Is a sentence that serves to express admiration, happiness, prohibition, confusion, invitation, anger, and sadness. At first glance, exclamatory sentences are similar to imperative sentences. In fact, the two have fundamental differences, especially in terms of function. Exclamatory sentences are used to express how someone feels, while imperative sentences are used to order others.

As for some exclamatory sentence example is as follows:

  1. Wow, this beach view is really beautiful! (expresses admiration)
  2. Hooray, I finally won! (express happiness)
  3. Watch out, there are lots of potholes along the way! (declare prohibition)
  4. Damn, I'm so confused! (expresses confusion)
  5. Come on, let's hurry right now! (states an invitation)
  6. Watch out, I'll be waiting for my revenge! (expresses anger)
  7. Ouch, how unfortunate my fate is! (expresses sadness)

Thus a discussion of the types of sentences based on their function. Hopefully useful for all readers.