6 Types of Prose in Indonesian Literature

Indonesian literature is very varied. Literary works can be in the form of facts or imagination of the author, for example poetry, historical rhymes, prose, and others. This article will explore prose, starting from the understanding, types, and descriptions of each type of prose.

According to the KBBI, prose is defined as a free essay that is not bound by certain rules. Prose is the opposite of poetry, which has provisions in its manufacture. word prose is a loan word from English, namely process. This word actually has a broader meaning, not just covering written text classified as literary works, but also non-fiction works, such as essays, articles, reports and etc.

The discussion of prose in this paper focuses on the notion of prose as a literary work. In terms of literature, the term prose is often referred to as fiction, narrative discourse or narrative text. Prose is equated with the term fiction (the meaning of fiction) which can be interpreted: a narrative work that tells something that is fictitious, does not actually happen in the real world. Events, characters and settings in fiction are imaginative. This is very different from non-fiction writing. In non-

fiction events, characters and settings are factual or can be proven empirically.

Types of Prose

Prose can be categorized based on two types, namely according to its form and according to its content. Based on its form, prose is divided into two, namely Old Prose and New Prose. Meanwhile, based on its content, prose is divided into Fiction Prose and Non-Fiction Prose. Here's the explanation.

(1-2) Types of prose based on its form:

1. Old Prose

Old prose is an old prose work that developed and lived in the former Indonesian society, namely society traditional. In the archipelago, this old prose originally appeared as one of the literatures oral.

Old prose is also often termed folklore or folklore, namely stories in people's lives that have been passed down from generation – previous generations orally. The types of old prose are:

• fairy tale, namely stories from the imagination or imagination of the author that has never happened before. For example: pinocchio, snow white, mermaid. Fairy tales are further divided into:
  • Fable, namely fictional stories about animals as story characters, in which the animals seem like humans who have the ability to speak and act like humans. For example: The story of the Clever Mouse Deer, The Monkey Deceives the Tiger, and others.
  • Legend, namely fairy tales about natural events, as well as the origin of a place, event or object, in an area or place. Examples: Malin Kundang, Origin of Tangkuban Perahu, Origin of Prambanan Temple, and so on.
  • Myth/Myth is a story that has a historical background or something that many people have believed that the story has happened and contains something supernatural and has extraordinary supernatural powers ordinary. For example: Nyi Roro Kidul.
  • Amused Heart Stories / Funny Fairy Tales, often also termed as a story noodlehead, This is because it is found in almost all culture people. This type of prose contains elements of comedy (funny), impossibility, nonsense, stupidity and stupidity, but usually there is a charge of criticism of human behavior / society in the story. For example, Mr. Grasshopper, Si Kabayan's Story, Lebai Malang, and others.
  • Parables/Stories of Parables, namely stories that contain parables, figures of speech or analogies that are educational and giving advice. For example: giving advice to stingy people with the story of a Haji Bakhil.
  • Sage, namely the story that tells the courage, the greatness of a character in history. For example: Airlangga, Majapahit Kingdom.
• Saga, namely stories, whether historical or fictional romances that aim to solace, raise fighting spirit, or just to enliven the party. Examples: The Tale of One Thousand and One Nights, The Tale of Hang Tuah, and others.
• Story, namely old literary works containing stories about a person's journey or voyage from one place to another. For example: Abdullah's Journey to the Land of Kelantan, Abdullah's Story to Jeddah, and others.
• History/Tambo, namely stories related to historical events and figures. For example: Malay history.

From the types of old prose above, some are grouped into children's stories. Stories that include children's stories in the repertoire of old prose, for example: animal stories (for example, Crows and Wolves, Kancil stories and Crocodiles, etc.), stories noodlehead (eg the story of Mr. Frog, Mr. Grasshopper, Mr. Pandir, Si Kabayan, and others).

2. New Prose

New prose is a work of prose that develops after being influenced by foreign literature or culture. Several types of new prose, namely:

• Short Stories/Short Stories

Short stories, which are commonly abbreviated as short stories, can be interpreted as stories in the form of short prose. The short size in question is relatively. The writers argue that the short parameter in the short story is when the essay is finished reading in one sitting, no more than one hour. There are also writers who argue that this short measure is based on the limitations of its developer elements. Like at least the characters, setting, plot, etc. Short stories have a single effect and are not complex. Short stories generally tell a few of the most interesting experiences in the lives of the main characters/actors.

Based on the length of the story, short stories are divided into 3 types including:

1. short story (short short story) which many say approximately 500's word. Short short stories (short short story) is also known as a mini short story. An example of a mini short story is a short story entitled Ti Pen Nepi Ka Pajaratan Love.
2. Short stories of medium length (middle short story). Short stories of medium length (middle short story) usually short stories published in newspapers.
3. long short story (long short story) which is usually in the tens of thousands of words. Short stories that belong to long short story usually published in magazines. Short stories entitled "Sri Sumariah" and "Bawuk" by Umar Khayam are also categorized into this long short story group.

• Novelette

Novelet is a type of prose modern the quantity of the length of the story is longer from short stories, but shorter than novels. So, the length is between novels and short stories. The number of pages of the novel is about 60 to 100 pages. The elements of a novelet are broader than short stories such as characters, plot, setting, and other elements.

• Novel

The word "novel" is an Italian loan word, "novella”, which means the new item is small. At first, in terms of the length of the story, novella Same with short stories and novels. After Italy, the novel then developed in America and England. Novels in this area initially developed from stories in the form of non-fiction narratives, such as biographies, letter, and history. But with the development of society and time, novels are not only in the form of data – data In nonfiction, the author can change the story in the novel according to the imagination and creativity he wants.

In the form of prose, the novel tells the most important things in the life of the character or actor but is accompanied by various conflicts that arise in it.

In novels, the content of the story is much longer, so the author can develop elements novel builders such as: characters, settings, themes, plots, messages and others in more detail, freely, and Lots. The problems raised in the novel are very complex. Thus, the definition of a novel is defined as a story in the form of prose containing complex problems with the development of its elements more broadly, freely and in detail.

Difference between novel, short story and novelette

The difference between novels, short stories and novelets can be seen in terms of length and breadth of coverage.

Types of Prose	Elements	Problem	Quantity
Short story	Shorter, limited	Single	Short less than 60 pages
Novelette	Limited but more complex than short stories	More complex	about 60 to 100 pages
Novel	More, free, detailed	Very Complex	More than 100 pages

• Romance

Romance is a type of prose that existed before the novel. Romance comes from the type of medieval romance and epic literature. This type of literature tells about things that are romantic, full of wishful thinking, usually romance stories have the theme of romance and heroism. Romance terms in language literature Indonesia refers to stories written in the Romance language (the French folk language of the Middle Ages) which entered Indonesian literature through Dutch literature.

Romance tells the life of the character or the perpetrator in more complete and detailed. Usually described from beginning to end (from childhood to death) with all the ups and downs of his life.

• History

History is more commonly known as a biography, which is a prose work which is a true story telling the whole story/life experience of a character from childhood to death.

• Critics

An objective statement or opinion to provide an assessment of the merits of a work.

• Review

A prose work that describes an assessment of a work from many aspects, so that a work is worthy or not to be enjoyed.

• Essay

An essay is a prose work that explores a person's personal assessment of a work.

(3-4) Types of prose based on its content:

3. Fiction Prose

Prose fiction is better known as imaginative narrative composition. It is called so because prose fiction is indeed a literary work that is imaginative in nature. The stories that are made are not real or actually exist. Included in prose fiction are short stories, novels, romances, fairy tales, essays and reviews.

4. Non Fiction Prose

Non-fiction prose is a real essay and is made based on the author's observations. Some of the essays that fall into the category of non-fiction prose are:

• Article, a description made based on a fact, is factual because it comes from the source.
• Editorial or Editorial, an essay or description made by media mass going on.
• opinion, a person's thoughts, opinions, responses, ideas towards a thing / situation.
• Feature or Ficer, a writing or essay made based on the results of observations / coverage of a situation or situation or object in order to attract the sympathy of the reader.
• Biography, true story or life experience of a person.
• Advertisement, information or news delivered to the general public about a product or service.
• Speech, a thought conveyed through words addressed to the crowd.
• reporting, a news or report made from the facts of the observation of an object.
• Tips, a guide that explains the steps or ways of doing a thing/activity.
• New Journalism, namely an essay made in the form of a novel or short story.

(5-6) Types of prose based on the target audience

Related to the grouping, prose can be grouped based on the age category of the reader, such as children's literature, literature adult and youth literature. The grouping of literary types is adjusted to the characteristics of the age of the reader, both from the aspect of content and the way of presentation. For example, children's literature (children's short stories, children's novelets, children's novels / romances) in terms of content, children's literature presenting problems and perspectives that are adapted to the world and the child's environment – child. Likewise, the way of presentation uses presentation patterns and simple language that is easy for children to understand. Youth literature is different from children's literature. The problems and presentations are adapted to the lives of teenagers, such as romance, adventure, friendship, and so on. Here's a detailed explanation:

5. Children stories

Children's stories can be in the form of short stories, novels or novels. Children's stories, both original Indonesian writings and translated works, cover the age range of readers who are varies, ranging in age from 3 to 5 years, 6 to 9 years, and 10 to 12 years (even 13 and 14 year). The forms of children's stories also vary, namely serials, short stories and picture stories. Children's stories can be themed on friendship, children's independence, environment, ideals and others. In terms of nature, children's stories in the repertoire of modern literature include:

• miracle story, are stories related to magic and the existence of supernatural fairies which generally involve elements of adventure and romance. Examples: Snow White, Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, Rapunzel, Three Wishes, and others.
• fantasy story, is a children's story that tells the life of the world that is not real; fantasy worlds are made similar to reality and tell things that do not happen in the real world; and describes a strange and strange atmosphere and events that are difficult to accept by common sense. Types of fantasy stories are: toy and doll fantasy, animal fantasy, world fantasy fantasy, time trick fantasy and supernatural fantasy.
• science fiction stories, is a fantasy story based on a hypothesis about something that can be reasoned based on theory, knowledge, and scientific speculation, such as stories about adventures to other planets, extraterrestrials, and other.

There are many sources of children's stories, both in the form of books, novels, school books, and stories in children's magazines, as well as stories from children's magazines newspaper which contains the children's rubric. Authors story children in Indonesia include: Mansur Samin, Toha Mohtar, Titie Said, A. Djan, Triwahyono, E. Siswojo, Nimas Heming, Ayu Widuri, Dian Pratiwi, Slamet Manshuri, Heroe Soekarto, Toety Mukhlih, Arif Maulana, Radar Panca Dahana, Soekardi, Dorothea Rosa Herliany, Tetet Cahyati, and author of children's stories other.

6.Teenager Novels

Teen novels are novels that are written and have a target segment of young readers. To attract the interest of teenagers, the content and presentation must also be adapted to the lives and world of teenagers. The language used is usually language typical of teenagers, everyday social language that is sometimes not understood by parents and children, even some that have not been registered in the Big Indonesian Dictionary, such as the words upset, otw (stand for on the way), gpl (short for not wearing long),japri (short for private line), ababil (short for abg labil), and other words used by teenagers.

Teen novels can be in the form of detective novels, adventure novels, or novels drama. There are so many teen novels published, there are also many teen writers, as well as readers. Lately. teen novels boom is a youth novel commonly called chicklit (chick literature) and teenlit (literature teenager).

Chicklit is often a popular literary work whose story is about the everyday life of a single city woman with her modern mindset. Chicklit presented in a light, informal and entertaining way. Target readers Chicklit is an adult girl aged between 17 and 26 years. As for teenlit  or literature teenager, targeted at young adolescent readers, such as junior high school students.

Judging from the history of his birth, no one can be sure of the originator of his birth chicklit and teenlit. Some argue that the pioneer of this type of work was the novelist Helen Fielding who came from the United States through her work entitled Bridget Jones's Diary. However, some critics argue that it was J.K Rowling who became the pioneer through his work entitled Harry Potter. In Indonesia, the type of novel chiklit and teenlit this is identical to the life of teenagers in era globalization. The writers are writers who are mostly teenagers, so they understand the world or the lives of teenagers.

That is a description of the types of prose in Indonesian literature and their explanations. May be useful.