Clauses in Indonesian

inner clause Language Indonesia – Definition, Characteristics, Types, and Examples – In addition to phrases, clauses are also important material in language Indonesia. In the previous article, we have discussed the meaning of phrases, the characteristics of phrases, types of phrases, and examples of phrases in sentences. On this occasion, we will describe clauses starting from the meaning of clauses, clause characteristics, types of clauses, and clause examples. Happy listening!

Definition of Clause

A clause is a combination of words that at least consists of a subject and a predicate. Clauses are sometimes accompanied by objects, complements, or adverbs. From From this brief understanding, a simple conclusion can be drawn that clauses are more complete than phrases. However, the clause has not yet become a sentence because it does not have a final intonation.

Clause Features

To distinguish them from phrases and sentences, clauses can be identified by the following characteristics:

• Have one predicate
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• Has no final intonation
• If you add the final intonation it will become a sentence
• A clause is part of a plural sentence

Types of Clauses

Clauses are distinguished based on their respective categories. The division of clauses is based on several groups, namely based on structure, based on the predicate element, and based on its function.

Structure Based Clauses

Based on the structure, clauses can be divided into independent clauses and bound clauses. This category deals with the possibility of a clause to become a sentence.

1. Free Clause

An independent clause is a clause that has the potential to become a sentence because it has a subject and a predicate. This type of clause is also known as the main clause or main clause. A special feature of the independent clause is that there is no use of conjunctions. Example:

• Alia is so beautiful
• Brother crying
• Mom's cooking

2. Bound Clause

Bound clauses do not have a complete structure like independent clauses, so clauses of this type do not have the potential to become sentences. This type of clause is also known as a subordinate or child clause sentence. In contrast to independent clauses that do not use conjunctions, bound clauses can be identified from the use of conjunctions in front of them. Example:

• So that Tina gets better
• Bound clause "when we play" in the sentence "Rain down when we play”
• then they flocked to the village office

Clause Based on Elements That Become Predicate

The second grouping is based on the elements that act as predicates. Based on these elements, clauses are divided into verbal clauses, nominal clauses, adjective clauses, adverbial clauses, and prepositional clauses.

1. Verbal Clause

As the name implies, a verbal clause is a clause that contains a predicate in the form of a verb (verb). Furthermore, verb clauses are divided into transitive clauses and intransitive clauses. A transitive clause is a clause whose predicate is word transitive verbs or verbs that require an object.

An intransitive clause is a clause with a predicate in the form of an intransitive verb. Example:

• Tiger running
• Fish swimming
• Brother opens the door
• Daddy chopping wood
• Lisa sweeps

2. Nominal Clause

The second type of clause based on the element that becomes the predicate is a nominal clause. Nominal clause is a clause where the predicate is a noun or noun phrase. Nominal clause example:

• His father is a teacher
• Mr Ratan used to be a chief village
• They are high school students

3. Adjective Clause

The mandatory elements in an adjective clause are the subject and the predicate. In this type of clause, the predicate is a state word. The arrangement of adjective clauses generally consists of a subject categorized as a noun and a predicate categorized as an adjective. Example:

• The price of the clothes is very expensive
• That kid is so smart
• It's cold this morning

4. Prepositional Clauses

A prepositional clause is a clause where the predicate is a prepositional phrase. Predicates in this type of clause are categorized as prepositions. Example:

• Mom goes to the market every Sunday
• Grandpa and grandma from the village
• Going to the airport
• Old things kept in the museum

Clause Based on Function

The types of clauses based on function are divided into 4 types. The four types of clauses are clauses that occupy the functions of subject, object, adverb and complement.

1. Subject Clause

In a clause, the subject is positioned as a nominal phrase. In general, the position of the subject precedes the predicate. Examples of this type of clause are:

• dad reading

In this clause, "father" is the subject, and "read" is the predicate. This clause is also known as the core clause. The core clause can be developed into the core of a sentence by taking into account the parts that occupy the subject and predicate. One of these sentences is:

Dad is reading newspaper casually.

2. Object Clause

In a clause, the object is in the form of a nominal phrase and completes a transitive verb. There are two kinds of objects, namely direct objects and indirect objects. The direct object is the object that is subject to the action directly in the verbal predicate. While the indirect object is the object that is the recipient of the action in the verbal predicate. Example:

• Rani is making financial statements (loading the direct object “financial statements” from the verb “make”)
• Rani is making financial statements for the company (containing the indirect object “for the company” from the verb “make”)

3. Explanation Clause

Adverbs serve to limit or expand the meaning of the subject or predicate. There are several types of information, for example explanation of cause, description of tool, description of method, description of place, description of subject, description of time, etc. Example:

• Due to illness, father does not work (explanation of cause)
• Car lift mechanic with tractor (tool description)
• Mother taught me well (explanation of how)

4. Complementary Clauses

Complementary clauses are in the form of nouns, nominal phrases, adjectives, or adjective phrases of verbal predicates. Sometimes complements are often mistaken for objects. Example:

• I'm considered is dead
• My sister became a soldier

Example Clause

An explanation of the meaning, characteristics, and types of clauses has been described in the section above. In order to better understand clauses and be able to distinguish them from phrases or sentences, here are some examples of clauses:

1. Roy with his high school friends
2. The child is a reliable dancer
3. Kayla prays hard
4. So that Kayla goes to heaven
5. Beautiful adventure
6. Walking is healthy
7. Uncle washing motorbike
8. Mr. Lutfi smoking
9. There are two chicken eggs
10. Mom in the kitchen
11. Ridwan leaves the house
12. Ririn doesn't want to continue school
13. Mr. Malik goes to the market every day
14. I hope daddy hears
15. This food is so delicious
16. The rooster crows
17. Last night I woke up
18. Micah's writing is very weighty
19. Deni doesn't take care of his pension
20. Taufik performs optimally in Tokyo
21. The number of people with dengue fever is increasing
22. The corrupted 1 billion rupiah
23. He left yesterday morning
24. Smoking is dangerous
25. Brother is praying
26. Princess failed to win the competition
27. The teacher refuses our work
28. Father prevents sister from coming home
29. Edwin likes owls
30. Promise me if you really mean it

So a review of the clause which includes the definition, characteristics, types, and examples of clauses. Hopefully the material presented in this article can be useful to increase knowledge for all readers. Thank you.