Types of Active Sentences and Examples

A sentence is composed using sentence constituent components such as subject, predicate, object, and adverbs or complements. Although arranged based on these components, the use of components does not always have to be complete S-P-O-K. Perfect sentences use these four components, but some types of sentences do not use complete components. Sentences can also be formed when one or more of these components are absent, but still must involve a subject and a predicate.

Definition of Active Sentence

You must already know that sentences in Indonesian consist of from various types of. Types of sentences in Indonesian varies. There are denotative and connotative sentences, conditional sentence, direct and indirect sentences, and simple and complex sentences. In the previous article, we have discussed about active and passive sentences, but in this discussion, we specifically explore the types of active sentences and their examples in sentences.

Active sentence is a sentence in which the subject performs an activity/deed. Active sentences are also called action sentences or subject sentences.

Characteristics of Active Sentences

Active sentences have the following characteristics:

1. The subject performs an action/activity. Example:
   • Sinta eat papaya
   • Lili sleeping in the front room
   • Father cycling on sunday
   • mother go to market
   • Obi driving a car
   • Dian arranging flowers
2. The predicate begins with the suffix: me-, and ber-. Example:
   • mother cook vegetables in the kitchen
   • sister played toy car
   • Lia plant flowers in the garden
   • Bobi storytelling about the holidays
   • Athlete win Olympic
   • Ball players run around the field
3. Has a S-P-O or S-P-K sentence pattern. Example:
   • Brother cut chili (chili: object)
   • Teacher share report card (report book: object)
   • Uncle washing car (car: object)
   • We are a family on vacation to Paris (paris: to the place)
   • Kids cycling every afternoon (Every afternoon: to time)
   • The little baby is crying starving (hunger: according to circumstances)

Types of Active Sentences

Active sentences are categorized into several types, namely:

1. Transitive Active Sentence

Transitive active sentences are active sentences that require an object. Example:

1. Rini buys a book
2. Mr. Bonar riding a bicycle
3. Supri cut the paper
4. Lina washes clothes
5. Auntie slices radish
6. Brother writes letter
7. Brother kicks the ball with his feet
8. Chickens peck at their food
9. Daddy watering the plants
10. Khaila sings her favorite song
11. Sie and his friends watch a movie at the cinema
12. Ori does group work together
13. The policeman regulates the flow of traffic
14. Farmers planting rice
15. Artists wear masks when traveling
16. Athletes win the Olympics
17. The nurse adjusts the position of the patient who is congested
18. Grandpa bandages the wound
19. The teacher distributes graduation certificates
20. Bank officers confiscated some of his houses

2. Intransitive Active Sentence

An intransitive active sentence is an active sentence that is not followed by an object but is followed by an adverb or complement. This sentence has an S-P-K (Pel) structure. Example:

1. Lia is sad all day
2. Santo and his friends swim in the river
3. Brother comes home when the sun goes down
4. Sister dancing happily
5. Roi eats in a hurry
6. The wind blows lightly
7. The principal makes a speech on the stage
8. The sugar factory operates during the sugarcane harvest season only
9. The birds are chirping cheerfully
10. Fish swim tirelessly
11. The sun is shining bright today
12. Cars lined up because of traffic jam
13. Grandma sews late at night
14. Rian ran as fast as he could
15. Lutfi shouted as loudly as possible
16. Brother is crying bitterly
17. Grandpa groaned in pain
18. The rooster crows at dawn
19. The dog barks every hour
20.  Dad scolded me for hours

3. Ekatransitive Active Sentence

Extratransitive active sentences are active sentences that require an object but do not have a complement. Its structure is S-P-O. Example:

1. Linda finished a basket of apples
2. Dad reads a business magazine
3. Brother kicks the ball
4. Mom cooks lodeh vegetables
5. Uncle washing the car
6. Mr. Security guard locked the gate
7. Cats eat salted fish
8. Workers repairing electricity poles
9. Lela clean sports shoes sepatu
10. Jehan draws roses
11. Mr. Rehan sells fruits
12. Mr. Driver broke through the traffic jam
13. Budi climbs a coconut tree
14. Dogs bark at children who throw them
15. Transjakarta bus crashes into motorbike
16. Father entertains guests
17. Farmers harvest their gardens
18. Brother doing schoolwork
19. We won the math competition
20. The driver took us to the hotel

4. Dwitransitive Active Sentence

Sentence Active dwitransitive is an active sentence that has only one predicate and requires an object and a complement. This sentence has an S-P-O-K (Mel) structure. Example:

1. Lia rides her bicycle to school every day
2. Dad brought gifts when he came home from work out of town dinas
3. He does his homework neatly and thoroughly
4. Lulu is watering all the flowers in the school garden
5. My sister makes the bed every morning
6. Grandpa drinks coffee every day
7. Sitting wearing an umbrella when rain start down
8. Lia reads history books to increase her knowledge
9. Susan performs a dance traditional on stage
10. Si Doni drives his new BMW to school
11. The shop sells mochi until the sun goes down
12. Bela's family left for Jakarta this morning
13. Security guards take the children home from school
14. Hansip found a small child in front of the office gate
15. He photocopies dozens of sheets of coloring paper for the competition this afternoon
16. Mr. RT announced the contest holders on August 17 this year tahun
17. My cousin said he would visit us this new year
18. My next door neighbor invited us to his new housewarming event
19. He told of his experience wandering in another country
20. We picked guava at grandma's house this afternoon

Another way to recognize active sentences is to passivize the sentence, namely by changing the affixes to words into di-, ter-, dikan, and so on. If the sentence can be passive, it means that the sentence is a transitive active sentence.

In intransitive active sentences, such changes cannot be made. On the other hand, the etransitive and dwitransitive active sentences have the difference that lies in the adverb only. Both have the same motorcycle taxi. Extratransitive active sentences are not accompanied by adverbs and dwitransitive active sentences are accompanied by adverbs.

word The predicate that contains the affixes me, ber, mei, mekan, and others has a function to make a sentence into an active sentence or a working sentence played by the subject. Active sentences are used to show that the subject is working on something or the subject is influencing something. Whereas in passive sentences, the opposite applies, namely explaining objects that are influenced by the subject.

Hopefully the article on types of active sentences and examples above can help you better understand active sentences in languageIndonesia. May be useful.