Direct Sentences and Indirect Sentences

Direct Sentences and Indirect Sentences – Sentences are words or phrases that have at least two elements, namely the subject (S) and the predicate (P). When we read an article, we are bound to encounter various things type of sentence (read also: active and passive sentences), such as direct and indirect sentences. Direct sentences are defined as sentences that are quoted from someone exactly as he said.

While indirect sentences are sentences that repeat the contents of someone's words without repeating what they said before. Direct sentences and indirect sentences certainly have the characteristics of their respective writing rules. For this reason, the following is a more in-depth review of direct and indirect sentences, complemented by how to change direct sentences into indirect ones and vice versa.

Direct sentence

As stated at the beginning of the article, direct sentences are sentences that are quoted from someone's words without going through an intermediary and without changing what he said in the slightest. Example:

• "Riana will come home this afternoon," Desti informed
• Andriana said, “I probably won't be coming home tonight. I'll give you another news tomorrow."
• "If your mother hadn't run away at that time, son," Mother began to say, "there's no way you could have gotten this big. Because if you don't run, we'll all be scorched together village we."

Characteristics and Procedures for Writing Direct Sentences

To distinguish it from other sentences, the following are the characteristics and procedures for writing direct sentences,

1. Quotation sentences are enclosed in double quotation marks (“…”) instead of single quotation marks. Example:
   • Right: “I want to go to school!” Arya shouted in the middle of the field.
   • Wrong: 'I want to go to school!' Arya shouted in the middle of the field.

1. The first letter of the sentence is written in capital letters. Example:
   • Right: Pak Pono said, "Be a person of noble character, don't want to be a slave to lust"
   • Wrong: Pak Pono said, "be a person of noble character, don't want to be a slave to lust"

However, if in one sentence there are two or more quotation sentences, the first letter written in capital is sufficient for the first quotation sentence. For the second quoted sentence, the first letter is written in lowercase, unless the first word is a name or greeting word. Example:

• "Come on, quickly!" shouted Akhsan, "the train will soon pass." (right)
• "Come on, quickly!" shouted Akhsan, "The train will pass quickly." (wrong)
• “Meet!” shouted Akhsan from below, "Mr. Joko has been found!" (right)
• “Meet!” shouted Akhsan from below, "Pak Joko has found you!" (wrong)

1. To separate quotations and accompanying sentences, use punctuation marks (see also: use of punctuation) comma (,) between the accompanying sentence and the quotation sentence with the following arrangement pattern:

• “quote sentence”, accompaniment sentence, “quote sentence”
  • "I saw Neng Aisyah run away," Pak Ujang said, "her face looks like she's been crying"

• "Citation sentence," the accompanying sentence.
  • “Just leave the scouting task to me! I will not let you down,” said Sergeant Dixa as he left the room.

• Companion sentence, "quote sentence"
  • Bung Karno once said, "Food is a matter of life and death of a nation."

Keep in mind when a quote sentence is written before The accompanying sentence is a statement or news sentence, so before the last quotation mark, the sentence ends with a comma (,) not a period (.). The period punctuation mark (.) is used to end a news sentence or statement in a written quote sentence after accompanying sentence.

1. Direct sentences in the form of sequential dialogue, then at the front of the quote sentence is given a colon punctuation mark (:). This sign is used to separate the party who said it from the quote sentence.

Kania: "It seems that this year will be a big year for this nation."

Arya: "I agree with you, considering that this year is the 100th anniversary of independence."

Kania: "I got a leak that this year the government has prepared trillions of funds to prepare for the celebration."

Arya: "Really? I think it's too much budget for that much to just be used for mere celebrations.

Kania: “I agree, it would be better if the funds of that amount were used for investment in science and technology technology.”

Arya: "That's right, we all know that there are many talented children who have to go abroad because they feel that their abilities are not facilitated in their own country."

1. Sentences are read directly with emphasis on intonation, especially in the quoted sentence.

Direct sentences consist of accompanying sentences and quotation sentences. For example in the sentence: Dad shouted, "Hurry home!". The phrase “Hurry home!” read in a higher pitch. This is so that the phrase gets the listener's attention, remembering that when uttering a direct sentence, the main subject to be conveyed is contained in the quote sentence.

Indirect Sentence

Indirect sentences are sentences that retell the contents or main points of speech that have been conveyed by someone without the need to quote the entire sentence.

Example:

• I once heard Aisya tell me that in fact she was not too happy with the news of the arranged marriage arranged by her parents.
• Earlier, Mrs. Neti said that she couldn't go to class today because of some business. However, he gave an assignment to do the LKS page 75.
• Burhani threatened not to go to school if he still felt he got bully-an from his classmate.

Characteristics and Writing Procedures

As with direct sentences, indirect sentences also have their own characteristics and writing rules that make indirect sentences different from other sentences. The characteristics and writing rules are described as follows:

1. There is a change in personal pronouns in the quoted part of the sentence.

• First person pronouns become third person pronouns.

I → He / Third person name.

I → He / Third person name.

We → They/The person's name when.

• Second person pronouns become first person pronouns.

You → I.

You → I.

• The second person plural pronouns 'we' or 'you' become 'we' or 'them, depending on the content of the sentence.

You → us.

We → We

1. There is no need to use double quotation marks (“…”).

1. Speak straightforwardly using conjunctions or conjunction as that, because, so that, so that, about and so forth.

The prosecutor stated that Jessica is responsible for Mirna's death by adding poison to Mirna's coffee.

Mr. Rahmat told us so that work on the questions on the blackboard and then collect them on his desk during break time.

Andi shut up because he doesn't understand what we are really talking about.

1. Just a news sentence

Indirect sentences are the words of someone we repost, so that the resulting sentence is only a news sentence even though in the indirect sentence there is a quote originally in the form of a question or command. Example:

Right :

Andre had seen Clara say that she wanted to leave her house.

Anita had asked me about the location of the toilets in this school.

Wrong:

Andre had seen Clara say that she wanted to leave her house!

Anita had asked me about the location of the toilets in this school.

5. Indirect sentences are read with a flat intonation and descending at the end of the sentence

Because the resulting sentence is a news sentence, the sentence is not directly read with reading intonation sentence ordinary news. This is because in news sentences all parts of the sentence are considered to have equality, without any phrases that must be highlighted or get the listener's attention.

Changing Direct Sentences and Indirect Sentences

1. Converting Direct Sentences to Indirect Sentences

The first thing you need to know when changing a direct sentence into an indirect one is that there are changes in the personal pronouns found in the quoted sentence, as follows:

• word change the first person into a third person pronoun.

I → He / Third person name.

Example:

Andi said, “I like the Manchester United football club which is from England.”

Becomes

Andi admits that his favorite football club is Manchester United from England.

I → He / Third person name.

Example:

“I want to be an astronaut!” Dika tells the story in front of the class.

Becomes

In front of the class, Dika admitted that he wanted to be an astronaut.

We → They/The person's name when.

Example:

"We want justice!" the demonstrators shouted, "investigate Ahok according to the applicable law!"

Becomes

The demonstrators shouted for justice, they wanted Ahok to be investigated according to the applicable law

• The second person pronoun becomes the first person pronoun.

You → I.

Example:

“I want to marry you,” said Sofyan as he knelt in front of me.

Becomes

Sofyan says if he wants to marry me.

You → I.

Example:

Nadia hugged me and said "You are really lucky to have someone like Sofyan as a husband"

Becomes

Nadia said that I was very lucky to have a husband like Sofyan.

• The second person plural pronouns 'we' or 'you' become 'we' or 'them, depending on the content of the sentence.

You → us.

Example:

"Congratulations on your graduation," said Pradipto sincerely.

Becomes

Pradipto congratulated us.

We → We

Example:

Musa came embracing my shoulder, "Don't worry, we can do it."

Becomes

It was Moses who convinced me that we could do it.

However, if it is difficult to memorize changes in personal pronouns, we can outsmart it in another way, namely trying to position ourselves as the person we are talking to. After that say information received, we pass it on to a third person.

Example:

“Can you help me with this part of the assignment?” Andi said.

1. Imagine if we were the people Andi talked to.
2. After that imagine someone else asking, "What were Andi talking about?"
3. Then try to imagine the answer, for example 'Andi asked me for help to help him with his assignment.'
4. That answer is the indirect sentence.

In everyday real example of changing direct to indirect sentences tidak what we often encounter is change data the results of the interview into a news narrative or paragraph (read also: type of paragraph type) descriptive. Let's look at the following sample interview data,

Journalist: “Previously, I would like to congratulate the City of Bogor for being the Most Loveable City. Then, how do you respond to this proud achievement of the City of Bogor?”

Mayor: “Thank you for your words, of course this achievement would not have been achieved without the support from all levels of Bogor City society. Then, this achievement also proves that the residents of Bogor are proud of this city and of course want a change for the better for this city.”

Journalist: "What steps did the Bogor City government take after this achievement?"

Mayor: “Of course with this achievement, the Bogor City government must continue to improve itself, especially in terms of infrastructure and to break down congestion. We are aware that this moment is one of the important moments considering the crowning of Bogor as the The Most Lovable City will certainly increase the world's attention to the city of Bogor. So hopefully traveler who come to Bogor will increase. So that improving infrastructure and solving congestion problems is the government's focus to create comfort for both Bogor residents and tourists who come later."

Reporter: "Okay sir. Lastly, what would you like to convey to the people of Bogor City regarding the achievements that have just been achieved by the City of Bogor, Sir?”

Mayor: “To all the people of Bogor City, once again I thank you and appreciate it as much as possible for the participation and support that has been given so that the City of Bogor is crowned as The Most Lovable City in The World. Hopefully with this achievement can spur taste love we are in the city of Bogor and are increasingly enthusiastic to bring change to the city of Bogor for the better.”

To change the interview text into a narration, apart from paying attention to the change in pronouns, we are also required to find every core of the speaker's words so that the narrative that we make later is not long-winded and does not quote all of it statement from Interview result. For example, if the interview text is converted into a narrative, it will be as follows,

The city of Bogor has just been crowned as The Most Lovable City in The World. The city of Bogor managed to get this award after outperforming various cities from around the world in voting on line which is held. The Mayor of Bogor, Bima Arya, expressed his gratitude and appreciation for all the participation and support given by the people of Bogor City. He also stated that the current main focus of the Bogor City government is to improve infrastructure and solve congestion problems. He realized that with the crowning of Bogor City as the The Most Lovable City will certainly attract the attention of the world to the city of Bogor so that tourists who come to visit will increase. Finally, he hopes that with the achievements that have been achieved so far, he can change the city of Bogor to a better direction in the future.

2. Changing Indirect Sentences into Direct Sentences

To change indirect sentences into direct sentences, we can apply the following method,

Example:

Hilman said that he would come to my house this afternoon.

To turn it into a direct sentence we have to do,

1. Guess what Hilman was talking about at that time. Keep in mind about personal pronouns as when changing a direct sentence into an indirect sentence, it's just the opposite. For example, from our estimation, we get a sentence like this, "Tonight I will go to your house."
2. Changing the sentence that we estimated earlier into an indirect sentence again to double-check.

“I'll go to your house in the afternoon” → He will come to my house in the afternoon.

1. After re-checking the sentence that we estimate, then add a accompaniment sentence before or after the quote sentence until it becomes as follows,

Hilman said, "I'll come to your house this afternoon."

Another example of changing indirect sentences into direct sentences:

1. Shera told me that she didn't go to Dina's party. → “I didn't go to Dina's party,” said Shera.
2. Diana said that she liked the game of football. → Diana confessed, “I really like the game of football.”
3. Andika announced Vanessa's news to me this morning. → “Do you know how is Vanessa?”, Andika asked me.
4. Carla told her that Nessa's mother wanted to see her son at the hospital. → “I want to meet Nessa at the hospital”, said Nessa's mother to Carla
5. I reminded Arya so she wouldn't forget to take speaker in my house. → “Yes, don't forget to take it speaker at my house.", I said to Arya.

Discussion of direct sentences and indirect sentences along with examples and how to change direct sentences into indirect sentences and on the contrary, complete and presented together, this example can inspire the reader, so that its application in sentences can be used properly and right.