Building Elements in Poetry

Poetry, according to the Big Indonesian Dictionary, is a variety literature whose language is bound by rhythm, dimension, rhyme, and the arrangement of lines and stanzas. In addition, poetry is also defined as a poem or composition in a language whose form is carefully selected and arranged thereby sharpening people's awareness of experiences and generating specific responses through the arrangement of sounds, rhythms, and meanings special. Usually poetry is made to express the author's thoughts and feelings by prioritizing the beauty of words.

According to Indrawati (2009), poetry has several characteristics, including the following.

1. In poetry there is a condensation of all elements of the power of language.
2. In its preparation, the elements of language are tidied up, beautified, and arranged as well as possible by paying attention to rhythm and sound.
3. Poetry expresses the poet's thoughts and feelings based on his experience and is imaginative.
4. The language used is connotative.

From the characteristics of the poem above, it can be concluded that poetry was built by

elements of poetry namely the physical element and the mental element. What is meant by physical elements are elements of poetry that can be recognized directly by the reader because of their explicit nature. The physical elements that build poetry include figure of speech, rhythm, rhyme, connotative words, symbolic words, and concrete words. Meanwhile, what is meant by the inner element is the element of poetry that is hidden behind the physical elements. As for what is included in the inner elements of poetry are the theme, message, feelings of the poet, and the tone or attitude of the poet towards the reader.

Thus, the building blocks of poetry are as follows.

1. Figure of speech

Figurative language is one of the physical building elements in poetry which is actually included in poetry stylelanguage. According to the Big Indonesian Dictionary, what is meant by figure of speech or also called a figure of speech is a way of describing something by equating it with something else. Poets often use figure of speech in their poetry because figure of speech has several advantages, namely as follows.

• Figures can provide imaginative pleasure.
• Figures provide additional images in poetry.
• Majas makes something abstract in poetry more concrete.
• Majas is a poet's way of expressing his feelings and attitudes.
• Through figure of speech, the meaning to be conveyed becomes more concentrated.
• Through figure of speech, something can be conveyed appropriately in short language.

There are all kinds of figure of speech which are often used in poetry are comparative figure of speech, figure of speech of contradiction, figure of speech repetition, and figure of speech linkage.

a. repetition

Kinds of repetition figure of speech which are often used in poetry include the following.

• Reps is a figure of speech that uses the same words, phrases or clauses repeatedly. Example repetition: You come and go as you please, come again, go again, come again go again,
• Alliteration is a figure of speech that repeats the consonants at the beginning of a word in sequence. Example alliteration figure of speech: Not a wise beta (line rhyme by Rustam Effendi)

b. Controversy

All kinds of conflicting figures of speech which are often used in poetry include the following.

• Irony is a figure of speech used to hide the actual facts with the aim of providing satire. Example of irony: The house is so neat that I find it very difficult to sit down.
• hyperbole is a figure of speech that is used to express a fact excessively so that it makes no sense. Example of hyperbole: Tears welled up in her eyes as she mourned the loss of her lover.
• Litotes is a figure of speech used to express a fact by belittling the fact with the aim of demeaning oneself. Example of litotes: If you wish, stop by our hut for a moment.

c. Linkage

The kinds of linking figure of speech that are often used in poetry are as follows.

• Euphemism is a figure of speech used to express something more subtly replacing expressions that are considered quite harsh, detrimental, and unpleasant. Example euphemism: Blind is a subtle form of blindness.
• Synecdoche is a figure of speech that mentions the whole name instead of the part name or vice versa. Example of synecdoche figure of speech: His words hurt my heart.
• metonymy is a figure of speech that uses the name of an object or something else to express something related to the object. Examples of metonymy figure of speech: The incident of Merpati's bankruptcy shows the poor management of the company.

d. Comparison

Kinds of comparison figure of speech which are often used in poetry include the following.

• Metaphor is a figure of speech that is used to express something by comparing two different things implicitly. Examples of metaphorical figure of speech: Flower village it's gone.
• Allegory is a figure of speech that is used to express something in a figurative or figurative way. Example allegorical figure of speech: Our life is like a rollercoaster, sometimes up and sometimes down.
• Personification is a comparative figure of speech that embeds human characteristics in inanimate objects or abstract ideas. Generally, this type of figure of speech is used to provide a concrete picture and image. Example of personification figure of speech: The leaves whisper in the wind.
• Simile is a figure of speech that is used to express something by comparing it with something else that is considered the same explicitly. Example simile: Her face was as red as a pomegranate.

2. Rhythm

In addition to figure of speech, which includes the physical building blocks of poetry, is rhythm. The Big Indonesian Dictionary defines rhythm in the context of literature as a rhythm or strain created by balanced sentences, wake-up breaks. sentence, and long and short and melodious sound (in prose). Thus, what is meant by rhythm in poetry according to Kosasih (2008) is the repetition of words, phrases, or sentences in poetic stanzas. The function of rhythm in poetry is to make words more soulful or animate so that anyone who reads or listens to poetry also feels what the poet feels.

3. rhyme

Rima according to Kosasih (2008) is the repetition of sounds in poetry. This repetition is intended to create excitement and fun or euphony and brings an atmosphere of sadness or cacophony. There are various types of rhyme which are distinguished by type and location. Based on the type, rhyme is divided into perfect rhyme, imperfect rhyme, absolute rhyme, open rhyme, closed rhyme, alliteration rhyme, assonance rhyme, and dissonance rhyme. Meanwhile, based on the location, rhyme is divided into early rhyme, middle rhyme, final rhyme, upright rhyme, flat rhyme, parallel rhyme, hugging rhyme, crossed rhyme, chain rhyme or flat rhyme, twin or pair rhyme, and rhyme broken.

4. Connotation words

According to the Big Indonesian Dictionary, connotation is a link of thoughts that creates a sense of value in someone when dealing with a word. Connotation is also interpreted as meaning added to the meaning of denotation. From some of the poems that we know, it can be concluded that in general, poets use a lot of words that contain figurative meanings or connotations. For example, man green means a man who is still young and has not had much experience.

5. Symbolic words

If we look closely, poetry uses a lot of words.word Symbolic means replacing something with something else. There are various kinds of symbolic words that are adapted to their nature, namely local, regional, national or universal. For example, the word "cage" which refers to the house.

6. concrete words

What is meant by concrete words in poetry are words that are denotatively the same but connotatively have different meanings according to the situation and conditions of use. These concrete words aim to arouse the imagination of the reader, in the sense that the reader can imagine what the poet is describing through the words used by the poet in his poetry.

7. Theme

The Big Indonesian Dictionary defines theme as the main idea or basis story (which is spoken of, used as a basis for composing, composing poetry, and so on). The theme in poetry refers to the poet's ideas or ideas as outlined in his poetry. There are several types of poetry themes such as the theme of divinity, the theme of humanity, the theme of patriotism or nationality, the theme of people's sovereignty, and the theme of social justice (Waluyo, 1987 in Kosasih, 2008).

8. Mandate

According to the Great Dictionary of Languages Indonesia, what is meant by the mandate in the context of literature in general is the idea that underlies a literary work. In addition, the mandate is also interpreted as a message that the author wants to convey to the reader or listener. Thus, what is meant by the mandate in poetry is the messagesmessage what the poet wants to convey.

9. Feeling

Feeling is one of the inner elements of poetry which refers to the feelings of the poet. A poet generally expresses what he feels through a series of words in poetry. This feeling can be in the form of anxiety, longing, annoyed, angry, or exalting God, nature, and so on.

10. Tone

Tone is one of the building blocks in poetry which is the attitude of the poet towards the reader such as patronizing, advising, mocking, sarcastic or straightforward. This tone can cause a certain feeling in the reader's heart. Tone is usually associated with themes and feelings.

Thus a brief review of the building blocks of poetry. Other articles that can be read and related to poetry or other literary works include difference between poetry and rhyme, types of poetry, types of old poetry, new types of poetry, types of contemporary poetry, types of poems, new kinds of poetry based on their content, new kinds of poetry based on its shape, example of short poetry, examples of old mantra poems, sample poetry and synopsis, example of distikon poetry, example of adulterous poetry, example of quatrain poetry,example of sonnet poetry, examples of romantic poetry, example of ballad poetry, and example of elegy poetry. That is all and thank you.