Kinds of Prefix Affixes and Examples in Indonesian

In a sentence, not all the words in it use basic words. In one sentence, it is certain that there are affixes in it. Anything type of sentence that, well that active voice and passive voice, simple and complex sentences, direct and indirect sentences, standard sentence and not raw, etc. Just a simple example, take a look paragraph in this article! How many words are there with affixes?

Affixes consist of 4 types, namely: prefixes (prefixes), insertions (infixes), suffixes (suffixes) and prefixes (confixes). But in this discussion, we specifically discuss about prefixes or also called prefixes.

Definition of Prefix

Affixes are sounds that are added to a word to form a new word whose meaning is still related to the main word/basic word. Affixes are bound morphemes that are used in the basic form to form a word.

A prefix affix or also called a prefix is ​​an affix that is affixed or added to the beginning of a basic word. The prefix is ​​absorbed from Arabic is the word "early" which means the beginning and the ending 

-an. In Sematic languages, a prefix can change the form of the word it is attached to which is called preformative. This process of adding prefixes is called action prefixes (prefixation).

Prefix Affix Function

1. to express doing something (such as: to)
2. to form nouns (such as: se-, th-, bi-)
3. to state the most (such as: great)
4. to form an active verb (such as: me-, ber-, per-)
5. to form nouns (such as: pe-, se-)
6. to form a verb and carry a passive meaning (such as: in-, ter-)
7. to form intransitive verbs/do not need an object (such as: to-)
8. to express the meaning of "no" or "no" (such as: a-)
9. to state something as opposed to (such as: anti-)
10. to declare former / former (such as: ex-)

Kinds of Affixes Prefix

Based on the language growth that occurs, prefixes in Indonesian are divided into 2 types, namely:

Original Prefix

1. Prefix me- and pe-
   Prefix me- and pe- have the same provisions in their use, namely:
   
   • Prefix me- be-, pe- Becomes to : if the root word begins with certain vowels and consonants (/a/, /e/, /g/, /h/, /i/, /u/, /o/,/k/).
     Example: stir – stir, replace – replace, repeat – repeat, trample – step on, save – save, stalk – stalker, crush – crush
   • Prefix me-  Becomes men-, pe- Becomes pen-: if the root word begins with a letter (/c/, /d/, /j/).
     Example: try – try, push – push, sell – sell, push – push, listen – listen
   • Prefix me- Becomes to, pe- Becomes pem-: if the root word begins with a letter (/b/, /f/, /v/).
     Example: help – help, read – reader
   • Prefix me- Becomes to-, pe- Becomes pen-: if the root word begins with the letter /s/.
     Example: brush – brush, faint – disguise
   • Prefix me- and pe- does not change but the first letter of the root word changes, if the root word begins with the letters (/p/, /t/, /k/) is changed to (/m/, /n/).
     Example: use – wear – user, slap – slap, sow – sow, accept – recipient
   • Prefix me-,pe- and the same basic word has not changed, if the basic word begins with the letter (/l/, /m/, /n/, /r/).
     Example: apply – apply – applicant, ask – ask, concise – summarize, sorry – forgiving maaf
2. Prefix to and per-
   Prefix to be-, per- Becomes pe- : if the root word begins with the letter /r/.
   Example: swimming – swimming – swimmer
3. Prefix in- and the most
   On the prefix in- and the most The same provisions can be applied, namely: placing the object in front as the subject and transferring the actor into the object in the sentence.
   Example:
   • The book was brought by my sister.
   • The book was brought by my sister.
4. Prefix as-
   Example: tie – a bunch, tail – a
5. Prefix to-
   Example: outside – out, inside – inside, up – up, down – down

Absorption Prefix Affixes

Absorption prefix affixes are prefix affixes derived from language foreign and regional languages ​​which are converted into Indonesian.

1. Prefix a-
   This prefix means "no" or "no".
   Example: amoral, asocial, anonymous, asymmetric
2. Prefix anti-
   This prefix means "against" or "against".
   Example:
3. Prefix bi-
   This prefix means "two".
   Example: bilateral, bilingual, biconvex
4. Prefix de-
   This prefix means "to negate or eliminate".
   Example: dehydration, devaluation, dehumanization, deregulation
5. Prefix ex-
   This prefix means "used or former".
   Example: ex-soldier, ex-employee
6. Prefix extra-
   This prefix contains the meaning of “add”, “outside”, or “very”.
   Example: extra university, extra terrestrial, extra liguistic, extra careful, extra strict
7. Prefix hyper-
   This prefix means "more" or "very".
   Example: hypertension, hypersensitivity
8. Prefix in-
   This prefix means "no".
   Example: unconventional, inactive, intransitive
9. Prefix infra-
   This prefix means "in the middle".
   Example: infrastructure, infrared, infrasonic
10. Prefix intra-
    This prefix means "within".
    Example: intrauniversiter, intramolecular
11. Prefix inter-
    Example: interdental, international, interisular
12. Prefix co-
    This prefix means "together" or "together".
    Example: co-curricular, co-pilot, co-promoter
13. Prefix counter-
    This prefix means "against" or "against".
    Example: contradiction, counterrevolution
14. Prefix macro-
    This prefix means "big" or "in a broad sense".
    Example: macroeconomics, macro linguistics
15. Prefix micro-
    This prefix means “small” or “minor”.
    Example: micro organism, micro film
16. Prefix multi-
    This prefix means "many".
    Example: multi-party, multi-millionaire, multi-complex, multilateral
17. Prefix neo-
    This prefix means "new".
    Examples: neocolonialism, neorealism, neofeudalism
18. Prefix non-
    This prefix means "not" or "not".
    Example: non-oil

Examples of Prefix Affixes in Sentence

1. Edo was elected as class president after a vote was made which was followed by his classmates.
2. An entrepreneur named Muhammad Ridho has again expanded his business by exploring the culinary world.
3. Abundant wealth will be meaningless if it is not balanced with health and harmony that exists between family members.
4. I can't stand to see my grandmother become a beggar.
5. During the national exam and school exams for language subjects Indonesia always located on the same day schedule as English subjects.
6. On the last day of the lecture meeting in each semester, students are always asked to write down message and the impression on the lecturer concerned.
7. In each company, the job description of an Admin is different from the HRD staff as well as the class of position and salary standards.
8. The former national runner chose to drop out of all championships after he broke a bone during last season's world championships.

The prefix (prefix) is one type of word affixes, which undergo a prefixation process (previxation) namely the affixing of affixes at the beginning / in front of the root word. Thus the discussion about the meaning, function, kinds of prefix affixes and examples in Indonesian. May be useful.