17 Types of Drama

Types of Drama, Elements, Structure, and Examples – Nowadays, the K-Pop (Korean Pop) fever is becoming more and more common in the world, including in Indonesia. The work of the South Korean entertainment industry is very popular from young people to the elderly segment. One of the most popular forms of K-Pop work is K-Drama (Korean Drama). Slick cultivation and impressed 'intention', supported by a storyline that is considered interesting, as well as the appearance of actresses and actors with qualified acting skills with a handsome and beautiful look makes Korean dramas become one of the entertainments with a large number of viewers and is always awaited every time its appearance.

However, what exactly is the art of drama itself? To answer this question, the following article will review the meaning of drama along with all things related to it such as characteristics, types, and elements in the in it.

Definition of Drama

Drama art is identified as first appearing in Greece around the fifth century BC. On

era that, the content of the story from the drama that is shown revolves around offerings to Greek gods and goddesses. Etymologically, word 'drama' comes from the Greek, namely 'draomai' which means 'to do' or 'to do an action or action'. Refer to Big Dictionary LanguageIndonesia (KBBI), the term 'drama' (/dra.ma/) is defined as a composition of poetry or prose that expected to describe life and character through behavior (acting) or dialogue that staged. The KBBI also defines the term 'drama' as a story or story, especially one involving conflict or emotion, which is specially prepared for theatrical performances.

While the definition according to the expert, Tjahyono (1998) in his writing defines the term drama as one of the an art form that seeks to express the subject of human life through motion or action and conversation or dialog. Another expert who expressed his opinion, namely Joseph T. Shipley in Satoto (2012) defines the term drama as all performances that use expressions in their performances.

The term drama was originally used to refer to a story or story that was staged or shown to the public through performing arts on stage. As in the 18th century in France, drama developed into an elite performing art that was staged in large theaters. However, in its development, drama is not only limited to performances on stage, but everything a form of spectacle or play that is shown in front of the general public is also included in the category of drama.

Even today, the term drama is also often used to refer to a sad event or story. “Cambridge Dictionary” in its meaning, also defines the term drama as an unexpected occurrence in everyday life that cause excessive anxiety, as well as pleasure, and usually there is a lot of action and argument that occurs at events that.

Dramatic Elements

Drama, almost like most other works, has two elements in it, namely intrinsic elements and extrinsic elements. Intrinsic elements are elements contained in the structure of the drama work itself. While the extrinsic elements in drama are elements that make up the drama which are located outside the structure of the literary work.

A. Intrinsic element

1. Theme

Theme is the main idea that underlies the storyline of a drama. The theme itself can be expressed directly (explicitly) or indirectly (implicitly).

1. Plot

The plot is a series of events that are carefully arranged. In the series, the plot has stages that compose the story in the drama in such a way. These stages include:

• Orientation – Orientation is the initial stage including the introduction of the setting of the story of the drama, both the time setting; background scene; as well as the setting of the atmosphere that occurs in the story.
• Complications – This stage contains a systematic sequence of events in the drama developed from a causal relationship. In this section, the characters involved in the story are introduced, and the characters of each character are introduced. In addition, at this stage the conflict began to be introduced a little.
• Evaluation - This stage is the culmination of a series of plots. The story conflict is the main focus in this section. The stages in the evaluation consist of the introduction of further conflict, climax, until the conflict resolution is introduced.
• Resolution - The focus of this stage is the resolution of the conflicts faced by the main character. At this stage of resolution, solutions to conflicts emerge. And the puzzles that appear at the beginning of the story will be answered at this stage.
• code (Coda) – In this section all conflicts have been resolved and become the end of a drama. This last stage usually concludes again the mandate, values, and lessons to be conveyed throughout the drama performance.

In general, the flow is divided into two, namely the forward flow (progressive flow) and backward flow (regressive flow). The forward plot or progressive plot is a series of events that is told forward or tells of events that will occur over time. While the backward plot or regressive plot is a series of events that is told backwards or tells the story current events, but the sequence of events that follow are events that have occurred before, before the incident now. In its development, there is also a back and forth plot, which is a plot that has a series of stories in the form of a combination of forward and backward plots.

1. Characterizations

Characterization is a description of the character of the character which is reflected in the attitude, behavior, speech, thoughts, and views of the character in every situation encountered in the drama. The character of a character in a drama can be expressed in several ways, ranging from 1) Actions or deeds, 2) Dialogue or speech, 3) Thoughts and feelings, 4) Appearance.

In some dramas, the character's character is also sometimes expressed through the narration of the narrator. Based on the disclosure of the character's character, there are two characterization methods as follows:

• analytical method, which is expressed directly through the existing narration by the narrator
• Dramatic method, namely through behavior, speech, feelings, and physical appearance of characters.

In addition to the method of characterization, based on their role, characters in a drama can be divided into three characters, namely,

• Protagonist: a character who has a good character or acts as a good person.
• Antagonist: a character who has a bad character (despicable) or acts as a bad person.
• Tritagonist: a supporting character who has sometimes become a supporter of the protagonist but on the other hand sometimes also becomes a supporter of an antagonist character.

When viewed from the position of the character in the story or drama, the character is divided into the main character (central) and the subordinate character (side). The main character is a character who has a storyline, or in other words, the storyline in the drama is centered around the main character. Meanwhile, side characters are characters who appear in the story who still have a relationship with the main character, and are not the main highlight of the story.

1. Background

Setting is the situation that you want to portray in the drama which includes the place, time, and atmosphere want to be displayed, besides that, the social background such as the character's relationship with the environment is also included in background.

• Space Aspect – The spatial aspect describes the scene of a story or scene in a drama.
• Time Aspect – The time aspect describes when a story or chapter in a drama occurs. This aspect is very influential on the delivery of the plot that will be delivered in the drama.
• Atmosphere Aspect – This aspect describes the atmosphere that occurs in an event story or act in a play. Usually the relationship between characters is also included in this aspect because the relationship of a character is considered to be able to create an atmosphere that will be built in a story.

1. Mandate

The element of the message or message is an element that must exist in a drama or other literary works. mandate or message This is the educational value that the play script writer wants to convey to the audience through the performances that are staged, both explicitly and implicitly. The values ​​contained can be in the form of religious, social, moral, and religious values culture which in essence provides a useful life lesson for the audience.

B. Extrinsic Element

Extrinsic elements in drama are elements that support the course of a drama that comes from outside the structure literature the drama. The supporting elements include production leaders, directors, creative teams, make-up and costume artists, funders, and other supporting elements in staging a drama. In addition, extrinsic elements can be in the form of factors that are developing in society, such as economic developments, social situations politics, socio-cultural situation, level of education, access to society, this is because these elements can influence the writer in determining the type of story that will be staged and influencing how the audience responds to a show drama. In addition, psychological factors from both players, crew, and watching are also included in extrinsic elements that can affect the course of a project drama.

Drama Structure

A drama will have a story line that is often called a play. The play in the drama has a clear structure that is related to each other so as to form a unified whole. Here are some things that are included in the structure of the drama,

1. Half

Act in a drama script is every part or session of a scene in a drama. Act is a summary of all events that occur in a setting in a certain time sequence.

1. Scene

Scene is a structure that includes the way an actor or actress brings the character she plays in a drama. The scene is also part of a scene where the boundary of a scene is determined by changes in events or transitions in the coming and going of a character in a drama act.

1. Dialog

Dialogue is part of a drama script in the form of a series of conversations between one character and another. Writing dialogue in drama scripts uses quotation marks (“_”).

1. Prologue

The prologue is the part that introduces the script. The prologue can contain one or more information or opinions from the playwright about the story that will be staged. Usually delivered by a narrator.

1. Epilogue

Epilogue is the closing part of a drama. Just like the prologue, this section will usually also be delivered by the narrator which contains a glimpse of the back story as well as the conclusion of the content of the drama that has been staged.

Types of Drama

Just like other literary works in general, drama is also divided into several types. In the division, three basic principles are used to divide the types of drama, namely 1) the presentation of the play; 2) Means of delivering drama; and 3) The existence of drama scripts.

Types of Drama Based on the Presentation of the Play

1. Tragedy

Tragedy is a type of drama that tells stories or stories about sadness. This drama usually takes on a 'dark' theme, such as about death, disaster, and suffering. Generally, the protagonist in this type of drama will have a story that ends tragically. One example of a tragedy type drama is "Oedipus Rex" by Sophocles. This drama is about a person who kills his own biological father, and then marries his own biological mother.

1. Comedy

Comedy is a type of drama that throughout the story is full of humor. This type of drama will dramatize a funny incident with the aim of making the audience laugh. This type of drama usually has a happy ending. One of the famous comedy dramas is "Much Ado About Nothing". This drama has a romantic theme – a comedy that tells the story of love Hero and Claudio. In this drama, it is told that Hero and Claudio never communicated at all before they finally got married. This drama also presents a story about Benedick and Beatrice who previously hated each other, but then they finally fell in love with each other.

1. Tragedy

This drama is a mix between comedy drama and tragedy drama.

1. Opera

Opera is a type of drama in which the dialogue in the drama is delivered by singing and accompanied by music. This type of drama developed rapidly in mainland Europe in the 16th century to the 19th century. Operas are generally played by singers and accompanied by a complete orchestra. One of the famous opera music examples is “Le nozze di Figaro” (The Marriage of Figaro) by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. One of Mozart's other famous works is Don Giovanni.

1. melodrama

Almost similar to opera, melodrama is a blend of acting and music. The difference is that the dialogue in melodrama is spoken as usual, only that it is accompanied by music. “The Heiress” is an example of a famous melodrama adaptation of the novel by Henry James, “The Washington Square”. This drama tells the story of a rich doctor's daughter, Catherine, who falls for a young man, Morris Townsend. One example of another famous melodrama is the drama entitled "Mamma Mia".

1. Farce

This type of drama is a drama that resembles a joke, but it is not entirely a joke. This drama usually contains events that are overreacted (overreacts) and humor humor humor slapstick. One of the famous examples of farce is Oscar Wilde's play entitled "The Importance of Being Earnest". This drama is a stylish drama Victorian which tells of a young man who uses two identity different to meet two different women.

1. Tableau

Tablo is a type of drama which in its presentation prioritizes the movements of the players. The players do not speak the dialogue but convey the message of the drama through movement.

1. Ballet

Ballet is a type of drama that combines acting with dance. The actresses and actors who play this drama speak the usual dialogue, but the important parts of a drama (eg war, making out scenes) are conveyed through dance. One of the most famous ballet in Indonesia is the Ramayana Ballet which is staged in the courtyard of Prambanan Temple.

1. Colossal

Colossal drama is a drama that raises stories about struggles, wars, and the background of the royal era. Some examples of colossal dramas such as Angling Darma and Mahabharata.

Types of Drama Based on the Means of Delivery

1. Stage Drama is a drama that is performed live on stage.
2. Radio Drama is a drama that is played on the radio, this type of drama was popular in the 20th century.
3. Television Drama is a drama that is broadcast through TV stations, this drama is often in the form of soap operas or FTV. In its manufacture, in contrast to stage plays which demand perfection of the players in staging a drama, television dramas can be repeated if something goes wrong.
4. Movie Drama The production is similar to a television drama, but usually the themes raised and the execution are more spectacular and the show is screened in theaters.
5. Puppet Drama is a drama whose presentation uses wayang facilities to replace actresses and actors, where the puppets are moved by a puppeteer.
6. Puppet Drama almost similar to a puppet drama, it's just that media which is used in the delivery of the story in the form of a doll that can be played by one or more people.

Types of Drama Based on the Existence of the Script (Presence or Absence of the Script)

1. Drama Traditional is a drama that does not use a script, players are usually only given a general description of the storyline (storyline) while every scene that is staged is the result of creativity between the players (improvisation).
2. Drama Modern is a drama that uses a script.

So many articles that discuss the types of drama and examples this time. Hope it's useful