Various kinds of poetry and their explanations

Everything must have an origin, including poetry. The first poem is not original from Indonesia, but later entered and adopted into Indonesian-language literary works which of course have rules and regulations in its manufacture.

In terminology, the word syair is absorbed from Arabic, namely Syi'ir or Syu'ur which means "a strong feeling". realized", then the term Shu'ur developed into Syi'ru which means "poetry in knowledge". general". Poetry is one of the oldest types of poetry.

The origin of the poem from the Persian state, then along with the entry of Islam into Indonesia, the poem was also carried into the archipelago, then developed into a word "Syu'ur" which means poetry in a general sense. Therefore, syair according to the Malay language has the meaning of poetry in general. There are also those who interpret poetry as a song full of feelings.

Poetry Development in Indonesia

Even though it comes from language Arabic, the form of poetry is more identical to Malay literature. This happens because the poem develops and undergoes modifications so that the poem is made according to the conditions and situations that occur in the development of the poem. The same verse as

poetry which has become one of the literary forms oral found in Indonesia. Poetry as a type of old Indonesian poetry grew and developed after Islamic civilization entered Indonesia. The poem, which is a type of old Malay poetry, is influenced by Islamic literature like a pantun.

In Indonesia The development of traditional literature until now has not been satisfactory when juxtaposed with the development of literature modern, the development of traditional Indonesian literature is still far behind. Very few poetic manuscripts are still preserved intact. Thus, poetry becomes one of the works literature Malay classics are nearing extinction.

Characteristics of Poetry

Syair which is a type of old Malay poetry generally has the following characteristics:

• Have rhyme a-a-a-a
• Each stanza consists of 4 lines or arrays
• Each line consists of 9, 10, or 12 syllables
• Verses in poetry generally form a story
• Each line contains meaning /

The characteristics of the poems above are different from the rhyme which consists of 4 lines in 1 stanza with the suffix a-b-a-b, the poem is in the form of an old poem which is written in succession to form story the long one.

Poetry ties generally consist of four lines that rhyme, but there are also poems that have two or two lines of rhyme. Poetry almost always uses four folds, in contrast to rhymes, four lines of rhymes generally conclude a thought, feeling, situation and others.

The following table makes it easier to understand the differences and similarities between poetry and rhymes.

Differences and Similarities between Poetry and Pantun

Poetry	Pantun
Equation
Grouping	Classified as Indonesian literary works	Classified as Indonesian literary works
Types of Literature	Types of Traditional Literature / Old Poetry	Types of Literature Traditional / Old Poetry
Author's freedom	Limited because it is bound by certain conditions	Limited because it is bound by certain conditions
Number of Rows	4 lines in 1 stanza	4 lines in 1 stanza
Difference
Content	Lines 1 – 4 are contents	Rows 1 – 2 are sampiran, while lines 3 -4 are contents
End of line rhyme	Format a-a-a-a	Format a-b-a-b
Number of syllables	9 – 12 syllables per line	8 – 12 tribe word each line
Number of stanzas	More than 5 stanzas	1 – 4 stanzas. Generally 1 stanza.

Contents of Poetry

In terms of content, poetry can contain stories, contain religious teachings or tell events and poems. The form of poetry is a series of words created by the author as a manifestation of expression the author which can also be contemplated with musical instruments typical of poetry such as grove. Poetry is created by the author from the form of expression. Poetry is also used to describe something long, whether about a story, friendship, science, religion, romance or history.

One of the elements that contribute to the realization of the work of a poem is the social environment in which the poem originates. This is closely related to life in the social environment from which a poem originates. For example, in the Gorontalo community, which forms a social sphere influenced by traditional customs which is solid, becomes one of the building blocks for the birth of poems that tend to place their own characteristics that unique. It begins with the existence of art culture in the form of a dance that requires poetry as a complement to the expression of meaning in the dance.

Elements of poetry

Elements in a poem in the form of intrinsic elements and extrinsic elements, namely the elements contained in the poem itself as well as elements that influence it from outside. Intrinsic elements include:

1. Theme, is the main idea that the poet wants to convey through his poetry to the reader. The themes used by poets vary. For example: humanity, character, religion, nature, beauty, education and so on.
2. Feeling, is something that the poet wants to express in the form of his trademark, perspective, character and so on.
3. Tone, an intonation or emphasis in the content of the poem which can be in the form of mocking, criticizing, advising, joking, rejoicing, having compassion and so on.
4. Mandate, is message or advice that the poet wants to convey to the reader. Generally, the message in the poem is interpreted by the reader himself according to the reader's understanding.

Extrinsic elements include:

• The background of the poet's life
• Poet education
• Cultural and social background
• The customs or habits of the local community

Kinds of Poetry

Based on its contents, generally poetry is divided into 5 kinds, namely:

1. Religious poetry, namely poetry whose contents contain religious values ​​or teachings.
2. Historical Poetry, namely poetry whose contents are themed on historical values ​​or an event that has become history.
3. Romantic Poetry, namely poetry in which the theme is a story/folk tale, or a love story.
4. Figurative Poetry, namely poetry that contains or contains figurative words that intend to criticize or insinuate an event/event.
5. banner poem, namely poetry that tells of a situation or event in a kingdom.

Example of Poetry 

• Poetry between shopping (seserahan poem)

Delivery is called people disebut

Filling the promise has been deducted

Tradition is filled by the institution, it is poured

So that the back is equal

These deliveries are varied

In accordance with the proper arrangement

Signs of liking for both parties

Signs of unified life

Malay customs from the past

Delivery to make up for shame

A sign of shame as shameful

Heavy and light help

Men's shopping delivery

For the family of the future wife

Delivered with a pure heart

So that there is no swearing and vile

• Fresh flour pats

Unsalted flour for the bidder

So that life doesn't fight

Plague non-communicable disease

All things are going well

Fresh flour, rice, tea

So that the heart becomes loving

Resistant to bitter and painful

Until old dear, too much

Cold-leaved plain flour

Congratulations to the bride and groom

His faith is steadfast, working diligently

Do you want to struggle to stand with lenses?

Fresh flour free from turmeric

So that all diseases stay away

Compassionate in the narrow

Be grateful for the favors even a little

Unspoiled flour with potpourri

So that all intentions arrive

Loved by friends wish

Household in harmony and peace

Fresh flour free to wash

So that life is not hostile

The bad ones will stay away

Households don't fight

• khatam verse of the Qur'an

With Bismillah open the word

Finishing the Quran is also expected

The Word of God that we read

So that the marriage is happy

The people who finish the Quran are called

The benefits of the Qur'an being called people

Glorify God the bright light

Become a flashlight behind the face

The bride and groom sit in khatam

Strengthening faith, strengthening Islam

Live well day and night

Marriage will not sink

• Marriage contract poem

With Bismillah open the word

Allah's blessing is what we ask for

His grace is immeasurable

Rahman his womb as well

Marriage contract is obligatory

Ijab and Kabul are the point

So that the marriage is valid

Husband and wife have no reproach

When the marriage contract is complete

Married and wife is legal already

We pray to Allah

May both of them be blessed

• Marriage advice poem

Husband and wife the burden is heavy

Responsible for the world hereafter

Wrong way of life harm

Miscalculated poor life

Be a husband, be wise

Faith in the chest without tears

To the wife should be soft

Against mild children

Thus an explanation of the various kinds of poetry and their explanations. Hopefully it is useful and enriches the insight of Indonesian literature.