How to Distinguish Complementary and Adverb in Indonesian Sentences

How to Distinguish Complementary and Adverb in Indonesian Sentences - In Language Indonesia, sentence is the smallest unit of language to express good thoughts in the form of oral or written. And in a perfect sentence consists of several elements, namely subject, predicate, object, complement, and description. Each of these elements has its own characteristics. Subject and predicate are the most important in a sentence. The subject is the doer of the predicate. While the predicate is a verb, and the object is the thing that the verb is subjected to. Subject and predicate elements are two elements that must exist to be recognized as a sentence.

Complementary elements and adverbs are functional elements in a sentence. These two elements are actually almost the same because they can be nouns or noun phrases, complete the predicate element, and are located behind the verb. Even though they have some similarities, it doesn't mean that complementary elements and information are the same element. The two still have their differences. To distinguish between complement and adverb, it can be noted from the characteristics of the two elements. The following is a description of the complementary features and descriptions.

Complementary

Complement is often also referred to as complement. This sentence element serves to complete other sentence elements such as subject, predicate, and motorcycle taxi. The following are the characteristics of the complement:

1. Complement cannot be changed to subject

An object can turn into a subject if sentence which contains the object is converted into a passive sentence. Unlike the object, the complement cannot be changed into the subject in the passive voice. Consider the following example:

• Mother made my sister chicken porridge when she was sick.

In the sentence above, there are two groups: word which can act as a complement, namely "sister" and "chicken porridge". To check which words act as complements, we must examine each of these words by changing them as the subject.

• When sick, my sister made chicken porridge by my mother.
• When he was sick, his mother made chicken porridge.

Based on these two sentences, the first sentence is the appropriate sentence. Unlike the second sentence, which is an appropriate sentence, there is no strange meaning. So it can be concluded that "chicken porridge" acts as a complement and "sister" acts as an object.

2. Complementary elements can be nouns, phrases, or clauses

Complementary elements in a sentence can be nouns, phrases or clauses. Consider the following example:

• My father bought my sister a new bicycle.

In the sentence above there are two nouns, namely brother and new bicycle. To determine which noun is a complement, it must be determined which noun functions as the subject when the sentence is converted into a passive sentence. Nouns that can be subjects in passive sentences are classified as objects, and nouns that cannot be subjects in passive sentences are classified as complements. Notice the following sentences:

• Noun "sister": Brother bought a new bicycle by father
• Noun “new bike”: A new bike was bought by my sister by my father

Based on the two sentences above, it can be seen that the noun “new bicycle” cannot act as a subject in a passive sentence. Therefore, it can be concluded that the noun “new bike” is complementary. Examples of sentences using complements in the form of phrases and clauses are as follows:

• The warriors were armed sharpened bamboo. (the phrase "bamboo spiky" is positioned as a complement)
• Dad thinks that all her children have to work hard. (the clause “that all his children must work hard” is complementary)

3. Its position behind the predicate

In a sentence, the location of the complement can be different. Complements can be located directly behind the predicate or behind the object (if there is an object element after the predicate). Example:

• Mrs. Rahmisellingketupat tofu.

S P Pel

• Mr Anwarpouring outsweat.

S P Pel

• Governmentgivepoor peopledirect cash assistance.

S P O Pel

• TinateachAntoArabic.

S P O Pel

The first two examples show the complement is located immediately behind the predicate, while the next two examples show the complement is located behind the predicate but after the object.

Information

Adverb is an element in a sentence that serves to explain the whole part of the sentence. The existence of an explanation in a sentence will explain how, when, and where the events in the sentence. An information can be located anywhere. The characteristics of the information are:

1. Types of information

Descriptions in a sentence can be:

Type Description	Example
The place	at home, at school, at the office
Time	this morning, last night, when rain
Tool	using a knife, with a tractor
Way	casually, enthusiastically
Destination	to be aware, to be fast
participant	with family, accompanied by friends
Terms	as long as he comes
possessive	Even if it hurts, even if it's too late

Examples of sentences that contain adverbs are:

• Mom shopping for household needs in the market.
• This morning Reno decides to go from home.
• Ratna cut her leg straps using a knife.
• The government responds to the issue of treason casually.
• Tiwi decides to join the recreation as long as the mother participates.

2. Explanation in a sentence

In contrast to the complement which does not add much clarity to the sentence, the adverb acts as an explanation. With a sentence, a sentence becomes more meaningful. Adverbs will make the sentence more meaningful. Example:

• Fathersendmotherapology letter.
• S P O Pel
• Two days agoFathersendmotherletter apology.
• K-time S P O Pel

The second sentence is arranged in the K-S-P-O-Pel pattern. Specifically, the type of adverb used is an adverb of time. In contrast to the first sentence with the arrangement of the S-P-O-Pel pattern, information what is in the second sentence (containing adverb elements) becomes more complete. The second sentence not only informs that the father sent a letter to mother, but also informs when the letter was sent.

3. The location can be moved

The description element is not restricted in terms of its layout. Adverbs can be placed either at the beginning or the end of the sentence. Placement of adverbs in a different location will not change the meaning of the sentence. Consider the following example:

• Despite painmotherkeep cookingfor us.
• K S P Pel

• Mr. Camatleadsocializationat the hall village.
• S P O K

• Babyhave to drinkbreast milkfor two years.
• S P O K

This is an explanation of how to distinguish complements and adverbs in sentences language Indonesia. Hopefully the description in this article can be useful for the learning process of all readers. Thank you.