Understanding Poetry, Characteristics, Types, Elements and Structures According to Experts

Education. Co. ID Poetry is a literary work in the form of writing in which it contains rhythm, rhyme, rhythm and lyrics in each stanza. Broadly speaking, the elements in the poem also have a meaning and can express a feeling from the poet poets who are poured into imaginative language are also composed using a solid language structure full of mean.

Definition of Poetry

Poetry is a work of art in the form of writing that uses aesthetic qualities (beauty of language) so that it focuses on the elements of sound, rhythm, and the use of diction. Based on the type of poetry can be divided into two types, namely new poetry and old poetry. Each of these types of poetry, of course, also has different characteristics and structures.

Understanding Poetry According to Experts

The following is an understanding of poetry according to experts, including the following:

• Sumardi

  Poetry is a literary work with a shortened language, the language is condensed and also given a touch of rhythm according to a coherent sound with an imaginative choice of figurative words.

• Herman waluyo

  Poetry is the first written literary work written by humans in history.

• Thomas Carly

  Poetry is an expression of thought that is conveyed musically.

• Sudjiman Literature

  Poetry is a variety of literature in which the language used is bound by a rhythm, dimension, rhyme, and something in the arrangement of lines and stanzas.

• Watt-Dunton

  Poetry is a concrete expression as well as the artistic nature of the human mind with emotional and rhythmic language.

• H.B. jassin

  Poetry is a pronunciation by expressing feelings in which it contains thoughts and also a response.

Based on the understanding of poetry presented by these experts, we can conclude that the general understanding of poetry is a literary work which contains elements of poetry. rhythm, rhythm, diction, lyrics and also by using figurative words in each stanza in creating a beautiful language that can be used as a means of expressing feelings or imagination.

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Elements of Poetry

Basically, the elements of the poem can or can be divided based on its structure into two types or types, namely as follows:

Physical Structure of Poetry

Below is the physical structure of poetry, among others, are as follows:

• Typography

  Typography is a form of poetry that is filled with words, left and right edges, and does not have text arrangement of lines to lines of poetry that do not always start with a capital letter and end with dot. But this kind of thing can determine the meaning of a poem.

• Diction
  

  Diction is a word choice used by the poet in his poetry. Because poetry has a dense language, the selection of words that are appropriate and contain meaning must be done. The choice of words is done of course by considering the rhythm, tone, and aesthetics (beauty of language).

• image
  

  Imagination, also known as imagination, is an element that involves the use of the human senses, such as the image of a sight, the image of sound, and so on. The use of these images is intended to make the reader and listener able to imagine and even feel what the poet is feeling.

• Concrete Words
  

  a concrete word is a word that allows the occurrence of images, this concrete word for example like a twilight gem can mean a beach or a suitable place to be able to see where it comes from dusk. The concrete word is imaginative so that it will be able to generate or bring up an image.

• Language style
  

  Language style is a use of language that seems to turn on and also raises a connotative meaning by using figurative language. Basically, the style of language used in this poem is in the form of figure of speech, for example, such as metaphor, simile, anaphora, paradox and so on.

• Rhythm/Rhythm
  

  Rhythm or rhyme is an equation of sound at the beginning, middle or end of the poem.

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Inner Structure of Poetry

1. Theme
   

   Theme is one of the main elements of making a poem because the theme is closely related to the meaning issued by the maker in the poem. Without a clear theme, of course, it will produce poetry that has no clear meaning.

2. Tone
   

   Tone relates to the poet's attitude towards his readers. The basic tone used will vary, for example, with an arrogant tone, with a high tone, with a low tone and so on.

3. Mandate
   

   The mandate is a message contained in a poem that is made. The message can be found by interpreting the poem directly.

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New Poetry and Old Poetry

Poetry is divided into two types, namely new poetry and old poetry, below is the meaning of new and old poetry, characteristics, and types, as follows:

New Poetry

Understanding New Poetry is a type of poetry that is no longer bound by any rules, meaning this new poem has a freer form than the old poetry in all respects such as rhyme, lines, stanzas, diction and others etc.

New Poetry Features

1. It is symmetrical or has a neat shape.
2. have regular rhymes.
3. More use of rhymes, or also rhyme patterns.
4. Generally in the form of four strands.
5. Consists of a syntactic unit (gatra).
6. Each gatra consists of 4 to 5 syllables.

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New Types of Poetry

This new poem can be categorized into 2 types, namely based on content and based on form:

New Types of Poetry Based on Their Content

1. Ballad is a poem that contains a story or story.
2. Hymn is a poem of praise or worship that is directed or addressed to God, the State, or anything that is considered very important and sacred.
3. Romance is a poem that expresses a feeling which generally gives rise to the effect of romanticism.
4. Ode is a poem whose nature gives praise to people who are very meritorious. Usually this ode is given to parents, heroes, and great people.
5. Epigram is a work of poetry that contains a guide or teaching of life. This epigram means an element of teaching;
6. didactic is poetry with advice that leads to the truth that can be used as a guide, effort; there are examples.
7. Elegy is a poem that expresses feelings of sadness or crying in the form of lamenting to oneself, or lamenting an incident or event.
8. Satire is a poem in which it contains elements of satire or criticism of someone or everything.

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New Types of Poetry Based on Its Form

1. Distikon is a poem in which there are only two lines in each stanza or it is often said to be a two-strand poem.
2. Terzinah is a poem that has three lines in each stanza or it is also said to be a three-strand poem.
3. Quatrain is a poem where there are four lines of sentences in each stanza or called a four-strand poem.
4. Quint is a poem that has five lines of sentences in each stanza or is called a five-strand poem.
5. Sektet is a poem that has six lines of sentences in each stanza or is called a six-strand poem.
6. Septime is a poem that has seven lines of sentences in each stanza or is called a seven-strand poem.
7. Octave is a poem that has eight lines of sentences in each stanza or is called an eight-strand poem.
8. Sonnet is the most famous poem among poets because this sonnet seems difficult to create and becomes a challenge for a poet. Sonnet itself is a new type of poetry that has fourteen lines of sentences which are further divided into: four stanzas of which the first two stanzas contain four lines and the last two lines contain three line.

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Old Poetry

Old poetry is a type of poetry that is still bound or closely related to the rules and writing rules that apply as follows:

1. The number of words in one line.
2. The number of lines of sentences contained in one stanza.
3. Rhyme or rhyme.
4. The number of syllables.
5. Use of rhythm.

Characteristics of Old Poetry

Old poetry has the following characteristics:

1. It is not known who the name of the author of the poem is.
2. It is an oral literature because it is conveyed and taught by word of mouth.
3. Very bound by the rules as well as the rules that apply such as style, diction, rhyme, intonation and so on.

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Types of Old Poetry

1. Spells:
   is a speech that is considered very important and sacred and has supernatural powers, generally spells are used in a certain ceremony such as a spell used to ward off rain and also otherwise.
2. Pantun:
   is an old type of poetry that still survives today. This poem has a rhyme a-a-a-a or a-b-a-b, each of which consists of four or eight lines. The rhymes can be distinguished based on the theme, namely: witty rhymes, children's rhymes, life rhymes and so on.
3. Talib:
   is a rhyme that has an even number of lines in each stanza, usually consisting of six, eight, ten lines or other multiples of two.
4. Poetry:
   is a work of poetry or literature from Arabic which has or also has a-a-a-a rhyme. Usually this poem tells a story in which it contains a message.
5. Karmine:
   is a very short rhyme or commonly referred to as a flash rhyme.
6. Gurindam:
   is a poem that has only two lines in a sentence in each of its stanzas, has a rhyme a-a-a-a also has an advice or mandate.

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A few descriptions about Understanding Poetry, Characteristics, Types, Elements and Structures According to Experts, Hopefully it can be useful for you.

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