Empirical Definition, Strengths, Characteristics, Evidence, Examples, Experts

Empirical Definition

Empirical is a situation that is based on real events or events that have happened experienced and obtained through research, observation or experimentation done.

According to the Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI), this empirical is defined based on experience, is the science of knowledge obtained from a discovery, experiment, as well as observations that have been made done.

Empirical is also interpreted as a science that is based on sensory experience. Sensory experience here is defined as seeing, tasting, smelling, hearing, and touching someone on something they have studied.

In addition, this empirical data produces what is known as empirical evidence. This empirical evidence is a source of knowledge obtained from observations or experiments that have been or have been carried out. Empirical evidence in it contains information that justifies a belief, whether it is about the truth or also lies from an empirical claim.

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Empirical Understanding in Sociology

(Yesmil Anwar & Adang: 2008) Empirical understanding in sociology is a science knowledge based on common sense, not speculative and based on observations of reality.

Empirical Understanding in History

Empirical understanding in history is a reality, meaning that it is not a myth or a mere fairy tale because history has a valid source that is based on an in-depth study and observation of events or events that actually occurred in the future past.

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Empirical Understanding According to Experts

To be able to deepen the meaning of this empirical, then we can refer to several opinions of experts regarding the meaning of empiricism, including:

• According to Hilman Hadikusuma (1995)

  Empirical research is a research that explores (explorer), describes (descriptive) and also explains (explanator).

• According to Amiruddin and Zainal Asikin (2004)

  Empirical is a research that focuses on a phenomenon or also the state of the object being studied investigated in detail by collecting facts that occurred and also developing concepts that have been there is.

• According to Sugiyono (2013)

  Empirical is a method of observation carried out by the human senses, so that the method used can also be known and also observed by others.

• According to Izzatur Rusuli (2015)

  This empirical is an idea whose nature is rational which is formed and obtained by individuals through experience.

Thus, it can be concluded that this empirical is a science based on events or events reality that has been experienced by the five human senses obtained from observations, experiences and experiments that have been done done. This empiricism is also inseparable from empiricism

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Definition of Empirical Studies

This empirical study is a science that is carried out based on experimental data from observations and experiences as well as trial and error or trials, as well as with using the 5 human senses (sight, taste, smell, hearing, touch) and not theoretically and speculation, more for science and also research.

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Definition of Empirical Evidence

The above has been mentioned a little about Empirical Evidence, further explanation of empirical evidence, as follows:

Empirical evidence (this is empirical data, sense of experience, empirical knowledge, or also a posteriori) is a source of knowledge obtained from observations or experiments. This empirical evidence is information that justifies a belief in the truth or lies of an empirical claim. In the empiricist view, a person can only claim to have or have knowledge when that person has a true belief based on empirical evidence. This is of course contrary to the view of rationalism which prioritizes reason or not only reflection is considered as evidence for the truth or also lies of some proposition.

The senses are the main source of empirical evidence. Although the other sources are from evidence, such as memories, as well as testimonies from others, it must be later traced back to several experiences of the senses, all of which are regarded as supplementary, or not live.

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In another sense, this empirical evidence is tantamount to the results of an experiment. In that sense, the empirical results are a composite confirmation. In this case, the term of the word semi-empirical is used to qualify the methods Theoretical theory used is as part of the basic axioms or laws of scientific postulations and results trial. These methods contrast with ab initio theoretical methods which are purely deductive and based on first principles.

In science, this empirical evidence is needed for a hypothesis to be accepted or accepted in the scientific community. Normally, this validation is achieved by the scientific method of hypothesis commitment, reproduction results, peer review, experimental design, peer review, conference presentations and publications journal. It requires careful communication of hypotheses (usually expressed in mathematics), controls and constraints experiment (expressed ie with standard experimental equipment), as well as a common understanding of measurement.

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Statements and arguments that rely on empirical evidence are often referred to as a posteriori ("from that which follows") which is then distinguished from a priori (meaning "from which" previous"). This A priori knowledge or justification does not depend on experience (ie, "All bachelors are unmarried"); conversely for knowledge or justification a posteriori it depends on experience or also empirical evidence (for example is like "Some bachelors are very happy").

The view for the positivist standard of information or results obtained empirically is a observation and experience, as well as experiment which is useful as a neutral separator between opposing theories argue. However, from the 1960s, criticism has also often been attributed to Thomas Kuhn, who has argued that this method is influenced by beliefs as well as prior experience. The result is that it cannot or can be expected that these two scientists when observing and studying, or also trying on the same event or events it will make the same theory-neutral observations too same. This observation-dependent theory means that, if there is an agreed upon method of inference and interpretation, the scientist may disagree with the nature of the empirical data.

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Definition of Empiricism

This empiricism is a form of flow in philosophy which states that all knowledge comes from experiences that have been or have been carried out by humans. This empiricism is also a school that rejects the notion that humans already carry the nature of knowledge within themselves when they are born. This empiricism is a doctrine against rationalism.

This empiricism is a philosophical understanding that teaches that what is true is logical and there is empirical evidence. By empiricism rules (that is, to regulate humans and nature) are made. This empiricism also has a drawback, namely that it has not been measured. The empiricism only comes to a general concept. An empiricist is usually of the opinion, Can gain that knowledge through experience. This knowledge is obtained by means of the senses.

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The Strengths and Weaknesses of Empiricism

The advantages and disadvantages of this empiricism are as follows:

The Advantages of Empiricism

The advantage of empiricism from sensory experience is that it is a true source of knowledge, because this empiricism emphasizes the facts that occur in the field.

Weaknesses of Empiricism

The weaknesses of empiricism include the following:

1. Senses are limited. Things that are far away look small.
2. The senses are deceiving. In people who are sick with malaria, the sugar tastes bitter, hot air is also cold. This will lead to empirical knowledge which is certainly wrong.
3. Deceptive object. Examples are like illusions, mirages. So, the object is actually not as perceived by the senses; it means he is deceiving the senses. This obviously can or can give rise to false senses.
4. Senses as well as objects at once. This empiricism is weak due to the limitations of the human senses.

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Characteristics of Empiricism

This empiricism has two main characteristics, including the theory of meaning and the theory of knowledge.

• The theory of meaning, this is a theory that states about an origin of knowledge, such as the origin of ideas or concepts.
• The theory of knowledge, this is a theory which states that all truth comes from truth a posteriori or also the truth obtained through observation.

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Empirical Example

Examples of this empirical can or can be seen in everyday life. Below are some empirical examples including the following:

Pak Lurah is looking for information and also a solution in the conflict between village 1 and village 2 which is occurs in the work area by observing the behavior and background of the lives of the two village. It turned out to be true, after seeing the village head himself, he concluded that village 1 did often provoke by insulting the villagers 2.

Another example, this empiricist also believes that fire is hot, because he once experience it yourself by touching the fire and getting an experience called "hot". Then what is the shape of an elephant? We will also really know the shape after seeing it in person.

So, all the knowledge that has been felt or seen will be stored in the memory of our brain, and then will be released back when needed.

Thus, with sensory tools, we can or can gain experiences that will certainly become our knowledge in the future.

Thus the explanation regarding Empirical Understanding, Strengths, Characteristics, Evidence, Examples and Experts, hopefully what is described can be useful for you. thank you