Definition of Dicotyledonous Plants, Types, Structure, Characteristics, and Examples

Education. Co. ID – This time we will discuss about dicotyledonous plants, for a full explanation below:

Definition of Dicotyledonous Plants

Dicotyledonous plants or also often called plants with split seeds or plants with two seeds is a group of flowering plants that have the same characteristics, namely having a pair of cotyledon leaves (leaves) institution). Cotyledon leaves (institutional leaves) are formed from the seed stage, for that reason most of their members have the property of being easily split in two.

Plants are broadly classified into 2 categories namely angiosperms and gymnosperms.

Gymnosperms are open seed plants where the seeds are not covered by fruit leaves (naked seed plants).
Angiosperms are plants whose seeds are covered by fruit leaves.
These angiosperms are divided into 2 major groups, namely, monocots and dicots. This angiosperm has very beautiful flowers.

Characteristics of Dicot Plants

1. The seed chip was split in two
2. It does not have a stem tip protector (coleoptile) and also a root tip guard (choleoryza).
3. Cambium stems and roots are caused because one of the functions of roots in dicot plants is to store food.
4. Branched stems with indistinct stem segments.
5. The roots are tap-shaped with the main roots being larger than the secondary roots.
6. Compound (single) leaves, the pattern tends to be fingered / pinnate, usually also does not have a midrib.
7. The number of stamens, flower crowns, flower petals, is generally a multiple of four or five.
8. The leaves are bony and parallel or curved.
9. The carrier bundle in the trunk: the filter vessels and the attached wood vessels are regular
10. This calyptrogen section is not equipped with a root cap.

Dicotyledonous Plant Structure

Below is the structure of dicotyledonous plants including the following:

Leaf

This leaf is a part of the plant that is usually in the form of a flat sheet and is also green. These leaves function as a place for making food for plants through the process of photosynthesis. In dicotyledonous plants, the leaf veins are finger-shaped or pinnate and also have a network of poles. The stomata on the leaf function as an important organ for leaf respiration. The shape is like small oval holes surrounded by two special epidermal cells called cover cells and are only found on green leaves. These leaves have stomata on their surface and also allow plants to exchange gases. Leaf structure consists of:

1. Epidermis
   This epidermis contains fan cells as well as stomata. Leaf epidermis can also be modified into trichomes which are useful for protecting and also reflecting solar radiation.
2. Basic network
   This ground tissue is located between the two epidermis, the upper and lower epidermis. Mesophyll is the main area where photosynthesis takes place.
3. Transport file
   This carrier bundle is located on the leaf bones and has an arrangement like that of the stem. This bundle is a combination of xylem and phloem.

stem

The stem is one part of the plant that is on the surface of the soil and also functions as a place for growing leaves as well as a means of passage for water, minerals and food. At the end of the stem and also the leaves are called terminal buds, while the axillary buds are called axillary buds. Woody plants basically have hard, thick and long trunks. The surface of the old stem generally feels rough and there are also lenticels in certain places. This lenticel serves as a place of entry and exit of gases in plants. Dicot stem tissue, including the following:

1. Epidermis
2. Cortex
3. Endoderm
4. cambium
5. phloem
6. Xylem

Root

Roots are one of the plant organs that are in the soil and function to absorb water and nutrients also minerals from the soil and attaches it as a foundation so that the plant body is upright and also sturdy. The root comes from a potential root in the embryo. The outer structure of the root consists of the root trunk, root branches, root hairs and also the root cap. The very tip of this root is a growing point which is protected by a root cap (calyptra) formed by calyptrogen. In dicotyledonous plants, the boundary between the tip of the root and the calyptra is not clear. This riding dicot root system is caused by the sprouting roots experiencing continuous growth, the base of the root pangkal has a larger size than the tip of the main root and even though it is riding, the roots still have branches even though not fibrous. Anatomically, the root is composed of four main tissue layers, namely:

1. Epidermis, useful is as a water absorber.
2. Cortex, useful is as a storage place for substances
3. Endodermis, useful is to regulate the traffic of substances into the root vessels.
4. The central cylinder (stele), consists of pericycle, xylem and phloem.

Examples of Dicot Plants and Latin Names

Below are some dicotyledonous families with examples of dicot plants with their Latin names.

1. Rubiaceae, for example Morinda citrofolio (noni)
2. Eggplant tribe (Solanaceae) Examples such as: Capsicum annum (chili), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato).
3. Malvaceae, for example Hibiscus rosasinensis (hibiscus)
4. Apocynaceae, e.g. Plameria acuminata (Frangipani)
5. Covulvulaceae, for example Ipomea reptans (kangkung)
6. Mimosaceae, e.g. Mimosa pudica (daughter of shame)
7. Paiplionaceae, examples such as Phaseolus radiatus (mung bean), Vigna sinensis (long bean) Arachis hypogaea (peanut),
8. Bombusaceae, for example Durio zibbertinus (durian)
9. Euphorbiaceae, such as Havea Brasiliensis (rubber) Monihot utilisima (cassava),
10. Caesalpiniaceae, such as Caesalpinia pulcherima (peacock flower)
11. Urticeae, such as ficus elastica (rubber)

Types of Dicot Plants

Almost all the plants that we have seen around us are dicotyledonous plants. of which 199,350 different ones fall into this type group. They are divided into several families depending on the structure of the dicot plant.

Some examples of this dicotyledonous plant family include:

1. Rutaceae,
2. Asteraceae,
3. Lamiaceae,
4. Scorphulariaceae,
5. caryophyllaceae,
6. Leguminosae,
7. Mimosaceae,
8. rubiaceae,
9. myrtaceae,
10. epacridaceae,
11. proteaceae,
12. casuarinaceae,
13. rhamnaceae,
14. Euphorbiaceae,
15. lauraceae,
16. brassicaceae,
17. Apiaceae.

So that's a brief explanation of the Definition of Dicot Plants, Types, Structures, Characteristics, and Examples, hopefully what is described above can be useful for all of you. thank you