Functions of the Kidneys in the Excretory System

Functions of the Kidneys in the Excretory System – Kidney is one of the organs of the human body that plays a very important role in the human body, especially in the excretory system.

This body performs various activities, such as filtering blood, removing waste and toxins and excreting it as urine. In addition, the kidneys are responsible for maintaining the balance of all fluids in the body.

Usually humans have two kidneys that are about the size of a fist. These organs are located on both sides of the body close to the lower ribs. The following is the anatomy of the kidney organ, namely:

Kidney Organ Anatomy Organ

The following is the anatomy of the kidney that you need to know, including the following:

1. renal cortex

The outermost part of the kidney, also known as the cortex. Well, in this section it is surrounded by the kidney capsule and also a layer of fat that plays a role in protecting the structure of the kidney organs from various kinds of damage.

2. renal medulla

The medulla is a tissue found in the kidney that is sensitive. This section consists of the Henle cycle as well as the renal pyramids, which are small structures containing nephrons and tubules.

These tubules are then used to transport fluid in the kidneys and excrete it in the form of a urine from it.

3. renal pelvis

The renal pelvis is the innermost part of the kidney which has a funnel-like shape. The function or role of this one part is as a pathway for fluid to flow from the kidneys to the bladder.

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Kidney (Renal) Function

The kidneys filter about 200 liters of blood per day. Apart from filtering the blood, converting vitamin D into the body and regulating the body's acid-base balance, the kidneys also perform many other functions, including the following:

1. As a hormone-producing organ

Renal or kidney is an organ that produces hormones. The hormone produced by the kidneys is the hormone erythropoietin which acts as a stimulant to increase the rate of formation of red blood cells through the bone marrow.

2. Protecting Water Balance

Kidneys have a function to monitor and also control the water balance in the body. Through this organ, all the tissues in the body will receive water in order to function properly.

The kidneys react to changes in the water level in the body. The kidneys will hold water and will not waste it when the body is dehydrated.

3. Filter and also Dispose of Waste

Kidneys play a very important role in eliminating toxins, excessive salinity and also urea or nitrogenous wastes produced by protein metabolism.

When urea is formed, the blood will flow to the kidneys to be removed. Without this organ, waste and toxins will accumulate in the blood.

4. To Regulate Blood Pressure and Salinity

Regulation of blood pressure and also the level of salt in the blood is also a function of the kidneys. As a process, the kidneys will produce the enzyme renin. When filtering blood, the kidneys require constant blood flow and pressure.

5. As an organ to maintain blood sugar levels

Kidney function is then closely related to the production of insulin and adrenaline, which must control blood sugar levels. The function of these two hormones is that insulin functions to stabilize high sugar levels, while adrenaline plays a role in increasing low sugar levels.

6. To Stimulate the Formation of Red Blood Cells

The kidneys have another function, namely to produce the hormone erythropoietin. This hormone works by stimulating the bone marrow to produce red blood cells. Because of its very important function, the kidneys must be protected properly.

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