Guided Democracy: Definition, Characteristics, Background, and Purpose
Guided democracy - is a democratic system in which all decisions and thoughts are centered on the leader of the country, the following is complete material on Guided Democracy which includes the understanding, background, characteristics and implementation of Guided Democracy. For more details, see the discussion below. this.
Table of contents :
Definition of Guided Democracy
Guided Democracy – is a democratic system in which all decisions and thoughts are centered on one state leader, at that time President Soekarno. The concept of the Guided Democracy system was first announced by President Soekarno at the opening of the constituent assembly on November 10, 1956.
Guided Democracy Background
The following is the background for the initiation of a guided democracy system by President Soekarno:
- National security aspect: There were many separatist movements that occurred during liberal democracy, causing instability in the country.
- Economics: Frequent changes of cabinets during the liberal democracy period caused the programs designed by the cabinet to not be fully implemented, so that economic development stalled.
- Political aspect: The Constituent Assembly failed to draft a new constitution to replace the 1950 constitution.
The period of Guided Democracy was first initiated by President Soekarno, which was initiated by Soekarno's suggestion that the law used to replace the 1950 Constitution was the 1945 Constitution. However, the proposal raised a number of pros and cons among the constituent members. As a follow-up, a vote was held which was attended by all constituent members. The voting was carried out in order to resolve the conflict that arose as a result of the pros and cons of President Soekarno's proposal.
The results of the voting show that:
- 269 people agree to return to the 1945 Constitution
- 119 people do not agree to return to the 1945 Constitution
Judging from the voting results, the proposal to return to the 1945 Constitution could not be realized. This was due to the fact that the number of constituent members who approved the proposal did not reach 2/3 parts, as has been stipulated in Article 137 of the 1950 Constitution.
Starting from this, President Soekarno issued a decree called the Presidential Decree of July 5, 1959. The contents of the Presidential Decree 5 July 1959:
- The 1950 Constitution does not apply again
- The enactment of the 1945 Constitution
- Dissolution of the Constituent Assembly
- Formation of MPRS and DPAS
Characteristics of Guided Democracy
The following are the characteristics of a guided democracy:
1. President's Power Dominate
One of the root causes of various deviations from guided democracy is because of the presidential principle adopted by this democratic system, where this principle places the power of the president above the power of everything in the government Indonesia. By implementing the guided democracy system, the president at that time, Ir. Soekarno has become the person who has the highest power.
This is why it has triggered a problem of inequality that is increasingly rampant everywhere. In fact, this gap was able to affect various performances of the government and the work system of the Indonesian cabinet at that time. The president who at that time had been declared as someone who had the highest power easily get rid of all influences or impacts that he considers inconsistent and contradictory in the field of government / politics.
2. Movement of Political Parties is Restricted
The period of guided democracy was ratified, namely the period when political parties no longer had freedom and even restricted their movements. In fact, taking office in the government at that time was no longer taken from members of political parties. Even political parties at that time only played a role in supporting the president and his policies.
3. Strengthening the Role of the Military
The defense fortress at that time was indeed optimized, where the role of the military was highly reliable. Where the military is equipped with the power of weapons and as a protective wall. Even the military is able to control the command of government institutions.
4, Communist ideology is growing
Because there are several foundations for the development of the foundation of guided democracy, the impact of the development of the communist party is very vigorous and fast. This is stated and proven by the continuous reciprocal relationship between the PKI and President Soekarno. However, the PKI also had services where Soekarno was named president for life.
5. The Presence of a Restricted Press
The channeling of aspirations is a major task of the various presses that have developed to date. Where political and community aspirations are channeled from the press. but some people have sealed and limited the freedom of the press to channel it at that time, until the Indonesian people were famous for closing themselves off at that time.
Implementation of Guided Democracy
In this guided democracy there are several important events contained in the process of implementing this guided democracy. More information is below:
1. The establishment of the MPRS (now the MPR)
The first event that occurred during the guided democratization was the formation of the MPRS. This is also one of the characteristics of a democratic country and also a factor that supports the political developments of the Liberal Democracy period in the past
2. The formation of the DPAS (now the DPR)
To further support people's democracy, a new state institution was formed, namely DPAS. This institution was also formed based on the existing Presidential Regulation, namely No. 3 of 1959, which was chaired by the President and represented by Engineer Djuanda.
3. Working Cabinet Formed
Because in previous democracies there was a change of cabinet during the Liberal Democracy period, with that the President re-established a working cabinet that he knows about. However, there was confusion due to the absence of a representative. In this Working Kaibnet there is a work program called the Tri Program.
4. National Front Formed
To prevent conflicts among Indonesians that exist in the negative impact of conflict and are found in the current era This is like the cause of the Aceh war and the cause of the Ambon conflict, a movement is needed to unite all of them, namely the Front National. The goal of the National Front is to unite the strength of Indonesia
5. National Design Council or Depernas
One form of controlling social conflict is to prepare for national development, which begins by forming a law and overseeing its implementation. In 1963, the National Development Planning Agency changed its name to Beppenas, namely the National Development Planning Agency.
6. The establishment of the DPR-GR
In 1955, the DPR had rebelled against the President by rejecting the 1960 Draft State Budget which was proposed by the Government. In response to this, the President decided to dissolve the DPR and replace it with the DPR, the same institution with the Gotong Royong affix behind it.
7. Masjumi and PSI Disbanded
The weakness of the Parliamentary System is that it is easy to be influenced and influence other organizations. That's probably the reason for the dissolution of these two political parties
8. Free West Irian
Although there are positive and negative impacts, of course what we enjoy the most is the positive impact. In this era of guided democracy, there was one important event, namely the liberation of West Irian.
That's the explanation of guided democracy, hopefully it's useful
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