Things That Cancel Fasting: Definition, Kinds, Conditions
Definition of Fasting
According to the language of fasting comes from the word "Saumu" is to refrain from everything such as refraining from eating, drinking, lust, refraining from speaking that is not useful and so on.
According to the term religion, namely refraining from everything that cancels it, one day from sunrise to sunset with intention and some conditions.
Also Read: Explanation of Compulsory Fasting along with the Conditions, Pillars and Kinds
Kinds of Fasting
- Compulsory fasting, namely fasting the month of Ramadan, fasting Kifarat and Fasting Nazar
- Circumcision fasting is fasting Monday, Thursday and Arafah
- Fasting is Haram, that is, if it is abandoned it is rewarding and if it is done it is sinful
- Makruh fasting is if it is done without sin and if it is abandoned it is rewarding.
Fasting in the month of Ramadan is one of the third pillars of Islam, which is obligatory in the second year of Hijriah, which is the second year after the Prophet Muhammad migrated to Medina. The ruling is fardu 'ain for every mukallaf who has reached puberty and has reason.
Mandatory Saum
Saum which is obligatory is a saum that must be done and will get a reward, then if it is not done it will get a sin. The mandatory saums are as follows:
- Sam Ramadan,
- Saum because of vows,
- Saum kifarat or fine.
Saum Sunnah
Saum whose law is sunnah is saum which if you do it you will get a reward and if you don't do it you will not get sin. The sunnahs are as follows:
- Saum 6 days in the month of Shawwal in addition to Eid al-Fitr,
- Saum Arafah on the 9th of Dhul-Hijjah for those who do not perform the pilgrimage,
- Saum Tarwiyah on the 8th of Dzulhijah for those who do not perform the pilgrimage,
- Saum Monday and Thursday,
- Saum Daud (a day fasting, a day not), aims to imitate the fasting of the Prophet David,
- Saum 'Ashura (in the month of Muharram), performed on the 10th,
- Saum 3 days in the middle of the month (according to the Islamic calendar) (Yaumul Bidh), the 13th, 14th, and 15th,
- Saum Sha'ban (Nisfu Sha'ban) at the beginning of the middle of the month of Sha'ban,
- Saum is the month of Haram (Ashhurul Hurum) which is the month of Dzulkaidah, Dzulhijjah, Muharram and Rajab.
Fasting in Islam
In Islam, fasting is also called Shaum, which is obligatory in the month of Ramadan for a whole month and ends with Hari Raya Eid, refraining from eating and drinking and from any action that might break the fast as an act that is not included in words, not fighting, keeping the mindset, lust, and also to practice patience, from dawn to sunset with intention. As commanded in the holy book of Muslims Al-Quran fasting also helps to cultivate a good attitude. And all of this is expected to continue into the months ahead, and not just in the fasting month.
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Terms and Pillars of Saum
In carrying out this saum there are several mandatory and legal conditions that must be considered according to Islamic law.
Saum Mandatory Requirements
- religious Islam,
- common sense,
- Baligh (old enough),
- Able to carry it out.
Saum's Legal Terms
- Islam (not apostate),
- Mummayiz (can distinguish between good and bad),
- Purity from menstruation and childbirth (especially for women),
- Knowing the time of acceptance of fasting.
Rukun Saum
- Islam,
- Intention,
- Leave everything that invalidates the fast from sunrise to sunset.
Haram and Makruh Time for Marriage
Muslims are forbidden to marry at the following times:
- Eid al-Fitr, which is on (1 Shawwal),
- The 1st of Shawwal has been designated as a sacred Muslim holiday. It was a day of victory that should be celebrated with joy. Therefore, the Shari'a has regulated that on that day it is not allowed for a person to marry to the level of haram. Even if there is nothing to eat, at least you have to cancel the saum or don't intend to saum.
- Eid al-Adha, which is on (10 Dzulhijjah),
- The same is true on the 10th of Zulhijjah as the second holiday for Muslims. It is forbidden on that day to have intercourse and it is sunnah for Muslims to slaughter the sacrificial animal and distribute it to the poor and the relatives and family. So that everyone can share in the joy by eating the sacrificial animal and celebrating the big day.
- Tasyrik days, namely on the 11th, 12th, and 13th of Dzulhijjah,
- The day of Shak, which is on the 30th of Shaban,
- Sam forever,
- Women during menstruation or childbirth,
- Saum sunnah for women without the permission of her husband.
- Then the makruh time for saum is when saum is devoted on Friday, without being interspersed with the saum before or after it.
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The Things That Undo Saum
- The entry of objects (such as rice, water, cigarette smoke and so on) into the body cavity intentionally,
- fuck,
- Intentional vomiting,
- Exit semen (istimna ') intentionally,
- Menstruation (menstruation) and Nifas (childbirth),
- Loss of mind (crazy or fainting),
- Murtad (out of Islam).
Of all the invalids of saum, there is an exception, namely eating, drinking and intercourse of a person who is at ham will not be invalidated when a person forgets that he is at sam.
The One Who Can Cancel Saum
The following are people who can cancel the obligatory saum (saum of Ramadan):
- Compulsory to make up
- The people mentioned below, may not marry, but must replace their saum on another day (qada), as many as the days left.
- The sick, who have hope of recovery,
- People who travel far (travelers) at least 89 km from their place of residence,
- People who are pregnant, who are worried about their condition or the baby they are carrying,
- People who are breastfeeding a child, who are worried about their condition or their child,
- People who are menstruating (menstruating), giving birth to children and childbirth,
- The person whose saum is invalidated by something that invalidates it other than intercourse,
- Compulsory qadha and obligatory fidyah
- The people below are not obliged to qada (replace saum on another day), but are obliged to pay fidyah, namely feed the poor every day who he has no brother, in the form of staple food as much as 1 mud (576 grams),
- A sick person who has no hope of recovery,
- Parents who are very weak and no longer strong together.
- Compulsory to make up and kifarat
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People who break the obligatory fast with sexual intercourse, will perform Kifarat and make up. Kifarat is to free the believing slave. If no slave believes it is obligatory for two consecutive months (other than making up for the left), if cannot, must feed 60 poor people, each as much as 1 mud (576 grams) in the form of food tree.
The Wisdom of Fasting and Its Implementation
Fasting Wisdom
- Cultivating the values of equality as a servant of Allah
- Strengthening attitudes in the face of trials and temptations
- Cultivate an attitude of trust
- Cultivating a friendly attitude and avoiding fights
- Instilling honesty and discipline
- Educate the soul to be able to control yourself
- Increase gratitude for Allah's blessings
- Maintain physical health
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According to Prof. H.M. Hembing Wijaya Kusuma, among these benefits are:
- Gives the digestive system a break
- Free the body from toxins, impurities and waste
- Makes skin healthier and more radiant
- Block food for bacteria virus and cancer
- Increase the number of white blood cells and increase endurance
- Increase food absorption
- The education of compassion for the poor
- Trust education
- Thank God
- To maintain health.
Rukhsah's Wisdom in Fasting
- As proof that the teachings of Islam are very wise and not burdensome.
- As evidence that the teachings of Islam besides being contextual and conditional, it also pays attention to the human aspect.
- As proof that fasting is worship that is directly related to Allah
The Wisdom of the Prohibition of Fasting at Certain Times
- Two Holidays
Eid al-Fitr (1 Shawwal) and Eid al-Adha (10 Dzulhijjah).
- Tasyrik days
11, 12 and 13 Dzulhijjah.
- The end of the month of Sha'ban or in doubt is called Syaum Syaki.
The provisions prohibiting fasting on certain days, is an indication that the teachings of Islam are very concerned about human aspects. On the day it can be used to have fun.
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