Definition of Administration: Types, Characteristics, Functions, Objectives

Definition of Administration

Administration is a function that plays a very important role in achieving a smooth business activity, or activities carried out by the company/organization. Therefore, it can be said that the administration is also the lifeblood of a company and the administration can also show facts and information that are relevant required for a detailed plan and information/data including accurate records, forms and a report covering assignments administration.

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Understanding Administration According to Experts

1. Leonard D White (1955)

   formulate as "administration is a process command to all group effort public or provaate, civil or military, large scale or small scale" (administration is a process that is usually found in all group efforts, whether government or private, civil or military, whether on a large or small scale.

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2. H.A. Simon (1961)

   administration can be defined aas the activitiesa if group cooperating to accomplish common goals” (administration can be defined as the activities of a group of people who work together to achieve a common goal)

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3. Dwight Waldo (1971)

   administration is a form of cooperative human effort that has a high level of rationality”:

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4. The Lianag Gie (1965)

   Administration is the entire process of administering in all the cooperative efforts of a group of people to achieve certain goals. This definition got a change (1972:P.a37) namely the process of organizing it was replaced with a series of administration. then further refined (1977:13) namely administration is a whole series of activities on the main work carried out by a group of people in cooperation to achieve certain goals.

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5. S.p Sigiaan (1985)

   is the whole process of cooperation between two or more human beings based on a certain rationality to achieve predetermined goals.

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6. Parajudi Atmosudirjo (11975)

   Administration is the control and mobilization of an organization in such a way that the organization becomes a live and move towards the achievement of everything that has been set by the administrator, namely the head organization.

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Administrative Elements

Activities that are cooperative in nature cover a very broad field where cooperation is always attached to human activities according to The Liang Gie what is called administration; "The whole process of organizing in every cooperative effort of a group of people to achieve certain goals". From the definition of The Liang Gie, we get three administrative elements consisting of:

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1. Activities involving two or more people
2. Activities carried out together
3. There are certain goals to be achieved.

These three elements are closely related to each other and integrated. If one of them does not exist, then the activity cannot be referred to as administration.

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Types of Administrative Sciences

In general, administrative science is divided into two major branches, namely: state administration and commercial administration. The difference between these two branches of science lies in the focus of the discussion or the object of study.

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• State Administration

Public administration has many definitions, which can generally be divided into two categories. First, the definition sees state administration only within the executive branch. And second, a definition that looks at the scope of state administration includes all branches of government and matters relating to the public.

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There is an interactive relationship between state administration and its social environment. Among the various elements of the social environment, the element of culture is the element that most influences the performance of state administration.

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• Commercial Administration

According to Prof. Dr. MR. S. Prajudi Admosudidjo in his book entitled "Commerce Administration or Business Administration" is an understanding that includes two meanings into one, namely:

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• Commercial Administration is the administration of a commercial organization as a whole, if the organization If the commercial entity is a company, then the commercial administration is carried out by the Board of Directors rather than company.
• Commercial Administration is an administration that pursues the achievement of commercial objectives (business .). objective), in this sense, the business administration is carried out by every manager in an organization trade.
  

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From this description, it can be concluded that Commerce Administration is a collaborative process of groups of people to achieve maximum profit.

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Administrative Features

• The existence of a human group consisting of 2 or more people
• There is cooperation between employees
• There is a process or effort
• There is guidance, in leadership and in supervision
• In a company or agency there is a purpose.
  

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Administration Function

1. Planning (Planning)

Planning is a planner that requires an administrative activity, such as in data collection, data processing, and planning preparation.

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2. Organizing (organizing)

Organizing is an activity of compiling and forming a working relationship between people so that a business unit will be realized in achieving the goals that have been set set.

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3. Staffing

Staffing is one of the functions of management that arranges personnel in an organization starting from recruiting a company workforce, its development to the effort for each officer to provide a maximum efficiency to the organization.

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4. Directing (direction or guidance)

Directing is one of the management functions related to efforts to provide guidance, advice, commandments, for a task well done and strictly directed from that which has been determined beginning.

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5. coordinating

Coordinating is part of the management function to carry out a number of activities to run well by avoiding the occurrence of chaos, squabbles, and vacancies which is done by connecting, unifying and aligning a subordinate's work so that there is directed cooperation in an effort to achieve a goal organization.

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6. Reporting

Reporting is management that is in a delivery of progress or results of an activity by providing an explanation of the duties and functions of the employees. higher officials, both verbally and in writing, so that in receiving a report they can get an idea of ​​the execution of the duties of the person who gave the report report.

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7. Budget

Budgeting is an ongoing activity that manages and plans finances or budgets.

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Administration Purpose

• So that a business can monitor a company's administrative activities
• So that business managers can evaluate an activity in the organization of the company
• So that a business manager can arrange a business development program and an organizing activity
• So that a business manager can secure a business activities and company organization.

In a company administration has a very important function in a company.

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