25 Examples of Educational Institutions: Functions, Definitions and Characteristics

Talking about education is talking about how to shape human character as desired. while the character will be formed by various factors, including the environment. People have different characters, because they grew up in different environments. Thus the role of the environment is very large in shaping a person's behavior.

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On the basis of this fact, the educational environment must be arranged and cared for so that it looks clean and tidy. The environment must be seen as part of education. The environment must be an important factor to shape the personality of children or students who study at school or campus. Schools or campuses should not be left dirty and neglected.

The educational environment, in addition to being clean and tidy, must also maintain its beauty. Islam teaches about cleanliness, tidiness and beauty. Therefore, schools or colleges should not show slums.

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Educational institutions, both informal, non-formal and formal, are places for the transfer of knowledge and culture. Through educational practice, students are invited to understand how history or cultural experience can be transformed in the age of life

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they will experience and prepare them to face the challenges and demands that are in it. Thus, the meaning of knowledge and culture is often forced to be combined because of the influence of the times on knowledge if it is transformed.

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Definition of Educational Institutions According to Experts

1. According to Drs. H. Abu Ahmadi and Dra. Nur Uhbiyati

Educational Institutions are a business entity that is engaged and responsible for the implementation of education for students.

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1. According to Enung K. Rukiyati and Fenti Himawati

An educational institution is a place or place where the educational process takes place along with the civilizing process.

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1. According to Hasbullah

Educational institutions are places where the educational process takes place which includes family, school and community education.

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1. According to Prof. Dr. Umar Tirtarahardja and Drs. La Sula

Educational institutions are places where education takes place, especially in the three main educational environments, namely family, school and community.

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Understanding of Educational Institutions in General

Educational institutions are institution or place where the educational process or teaching and learning takes place with the aim of to change individual behavior towards a better direction through interaction with the environment around.

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Kinds of Forms of Educational Institutions

Educational institutions can be divided into 3 types, namely:

1. Formal educational institutions.
2. Informal educational institutions.
3. Non-formal education institutions.

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• Formal Education Institutions

Formal educational institutions are educational institutions that are carried out in schools from elementary school to college.

Characteristics of formal educational institutions:

1. Held in separate classes according to level
2. There is an age requirement
3. There is a certain learning period
4. There is a study time schedule
5. The learning process is organized in an orderly and structured manner
6. Learning materials are arranged based on the curriculum and described in a certain syllabus
7. Learning materials are more academic, intellectual and sustainable
8. Teachers teach using certain teaching methods, media and sequences
9. There is a system of report cards, study evaluations or diplomas.
10. Schools have an education budget that is designed for a certain period of time.

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• Informal Education Institutions

Informal education is education carried out in the community and family.

Characteristics of Informal Education Institutions:

1. Not related to place and time
2. Not tied to age
3. Can take place without a special teacher or student
4. Not using a certain method
5. Without using a lesson plan (curriculum).

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• Non-Formal Educational Institutions

Non-Formal Educational Institutions are educational institutions carried out by the community in the sense of education organized by institutions outside of schools or outside universities.

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Characteristics of Non-Formal Educational Institutions:

1. Programs that are tailored to the needs of the community
2. The material provided is practical or something that is needed by the community at that time and can immediately be fulfilled through a short education.
3. The time required is relatively short
4. Relatively low cost
5. Different ages of students
6. The grade level doesn't show a clear level
7. The implementation of activities is arranged through good planning
8. The purpose of education is directed at getting a job or improving the standard of living
9. The time and place of learning are adjusted to those who need it
10. It arises because of the rapid changes in society.

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Functions of Educational Institutions

The functions of education according to Horton and Hunt are as follows:

• 1. Educational Manifest Function

1. To prepare a member of society to earn a living.
2. To develop an individual talent for personal satisfaction and for the benefit of society.
3. To preserve a culture.
4. To inculcate a skill necessary for participation in democracy.
   

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• 2. Educational Latent Function

1. Reducing Parental Education, namely through school education, parents will delegate their duties and authority in educating children to schools.
   

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2. Providing the Means for Disobediencei.e. schools have the potential to instill a development value in society. This is because it is reflected in the differences in views between schools and the community about something.
   

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3. Maintaining the Social Class System, namely school education is expected to be able to socialize to its students to accept a difference in prestige, privilege, and status that exists in society. Schools are also expected to be a channel for student mobility to a higher social status or at least according to the status of their parents.
   

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4. Extending Adolescence, namely school education can slow down a person's adulthood because students are still economically dependent on their parents.
   

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The Function of Education According to David Popenoe

1. Transmission (transfer) culture
2. Choosing and teaching social role
3. school teaches personality style
4. Source of social innovation
   

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Every human being will need education, education for the world and education for the hereafter.

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The Role of Educational Institutions

1. Family Education Institute

The family environment is the first and foremost educational environment, because of the child's family first receive education and guidance and most of the child's life is inside family. The main task of the family for the education of children is to lay the foundation for moral education and outlook on life.

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The nature and character of children are mostly taken from their parents and other family members. Thus, family education has a very important role in children's education, including:

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• First Experience of Childhood

Family education institutions provide the first experience which is an important factor in the child's personal development, because this is where the balance of the soul in the subsequent individual development determined.

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• Ensuring Children's Emotional Life

Emotional life is one of the most important factors in shaping a person's personality, because there are abnormalities in the development of individual education by the lack of development of emotional life reasonable.

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• Instilling the Basics of Moral Education

In a family the behavior of parents is an example for a child and children like to imitate the actions of their parents. "A sense of love, a sense of unity and other general feelings and states of the soul"

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very useful for the continuation of education, especially character education, is contained within family life in a strong and pure nature, so there can be no other educational centers match it"

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• Providing Basic Social Education

Namely by growing the seeds of social awareness through mutual assistance in family life, mutual cooperation, maintaining order, peace and others.

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• Laying Religious Foundations

Introducing religious sciences, teaching the Koran and others. This greatly fosters children's religion.

Thus the role of family education institutions is basic education to shape the child's personality.

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1. School Education Institute

School education is basically a continuation of family education, only education in schools are obtained regularly, systematically, graded, and by following clear and strict. The school's roles are:

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1. Students learn to get along with fellow students, between teachers and students, and between students and people who are not teachers.
2. Students learn to obey school rules.
3. Prepare students to become useful members of society for religion, nation and state.
   

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It can be said that school education is the formation of intelligence, interests and talents in children to be developed.

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1. Community Education Institute

Society is the third institution after family and school. Education in society has a wider impact. The style and variety of education experienced by a person in society is numerous, covering all fields, both formation and development habits, the formation of understandings (knowledge) attitudes and interests, as well as the formation of morals and behavior religious.

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So it can be said that public education is an application of family and school education. In community education, it is more about adaptation education to society.

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The three educational institutions collaborate between them both directly and indirectly, by supporting each other in the same activities individually or together.

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In other words, the act of educating parents to their children is also carried out by parents school by strengthening it and controlled by the community as an environment for the social environment child.

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Examples of Formal Education Institutions

1. a. Kindergarten (TK)
2. b. Raudatul Athfal (RA)
3. c. Elementary School (SD)
4. d. Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI)
5. e. Junior High School (SMP)
6. f. Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs)
7. g. High School (SMA)
8. h. Madrasah Aliyah (MA)
9. i. Vocational High School (SMK)
10. j. Vocational Madrasah Aliyah (MAK)
11. k. Higher Education, including; Academy, Polytechnic, College,
12. Institutes, and Universities.

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Examples of Non-Formal Educational Institutions

1. a. Playgroup (KB)
2. b. Daycare Park (TPA)
3. c. Special agency
4. d. Studio
5. e. Training institute
6. f. Study groups
7. g. Learning centers
8. h. Taklim assembly
9. i. Skills and Training Institute “AMAL-MAS”

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Examples of Informal Education Institutions

• Parents as educational institutions.
• Foundation as an educational institution.
• State as an educational institution.
• Religious institutions.

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That's the full review. Hopefully what is reviewed above is useful for readers. That is all and thank you.