Family Institutions: Definition, Functions, Characteristics, Examples, Forms

Definition of Family Institution

Family institutions are a system of values ​​or rules that regulate the activities of family members in their environment. Family institutions are part of social institutions whose area of ​​application includes a family environment and relatives.

This institution contains unwritten provisions concerning marital problems in order to continue offspring, affection, and socialization. For the community, the function of this family system is to maintain and maintain the survival of the community. Without family there can be no society. because society is basically a collection of families.

Also Read: Educational Institutions – Understanding, Family, Religion, Economy, Politics, Characteristics

Family institutions regulate the needs of community members related to family life and related to family life kinship systems and relationships between individuals with other individuals within the family and relatives. The kinship system in Indonesian society is divided into patrilineal, matrilineal, and parental or bilateral systems.

• Patrilineal system namely a kinship system that draws lineage from the male or father side. Communities that adhere to this kinship system include Batak, Nias, Ambonese, and Balinese.
• matrilineal system namely a kinship system that draws lineage from the mother or female. People who adhere to this kinship system include the Minangkabau ethnic group.
• Parental kinship systemnamely a kinship system that draws lineage and both sides, both male and female. Communities that adhere to this system are, among others, Java, Sunda, and Kalimantan.

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Functions of Family Institutions

The main function of the family is to keep its family members from deviating from the wider society. In addition, the family has the following functions:

• Protection function, where the family has a protection function for its members both physically and psychologically.
• Reproductive function, where the family is an institution whose function is to maintain human survival.
• Socialization function, where the family is the first social environment in shaping the child's personality, so that The family is a learning institution for children and at the same time a determinant of the child's future socialize.
• Affective function, which is where the family is the first place to get affection for a child.
• Economic function, where the family is a place to meet an economic need for family members

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Characteristics of Family Institutions

• It is a social group consisting of various ages and genders.
• At least 2 of them have a relationship as husband and wife that is recognized by the community and have family members through a legal marriage.
• Have a certain set of social rules that are recognized and run jointly by all family members.
• It has main functions, including reproductive function (giving birth to children), economic function (meeting food, clothing, and housing needs), socialization function, and protection function.
• Occupying a certain place in a certain period of time.

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Examples of Family Institutions

• Children must respect their parents.
• Parents give an affective function (love) to their children, so that the child feels comfortable in his family environment.
• Parents teach children about religion. A child usually automatically follows the religion of his parents.
• Children listen to their parents' advice.

Also Read: Understanding, and Functions of Economic Institutions along with Complete Examples

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Forms of Family Institutions

Family institutions have four forms, namely: cooperation (cooperation), accommodation, assimilation and amalgamation.

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• Cooperation (Cooperation)

Cooperation is a joint effort between individuals or groups of people to achieve one or more common goals. Cooperation can occur between individuals or between groups. Cooperation occurs driven by a common goal to be achieved. There are four forms of cooperation that have occurred in the community, namely:

1. Bargaining is part of the process of reaching an agreement for the exchange of goods or services,
2. Co-optation, namely efforts towards cooperation carried out by agreeing on a leader who will be appointed to control the running of the organization or group,
3. Coalition, namely the efforts of two or more organizations to pursue the same goal in a cooperative way.
4. A joint venture is a joint effort to undertake an activity for profit which will be shared later proportionally by filling each other's shortcomings kekurangan partners.

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• Accommodation

Accommodation is a process towards reaching a temporary agreement that can be accepted by parties who are in disagreement, have different opinions, have a dispute or are in conflict. Accommodation as an effort to defuse conflict has several forms, including:

1. Coercion is an accommodation process that takes place through a unilateral process of coercion and is carried out by threatening one of the parties.
2. Compromise is an accommodation process that takes place in the form of an approach effort by both parties parties and each party reduces their demands so that an agreement is reached on the midpoint settlement.
3. The use of intermediary services (mediation), is a compromise effort that is not carried out directly, but with the help of a third party, who is neutral.
4. The use of arbitration services is a way to reach a compromise if the disputing parties are unable to reach it on their own. Disputes are resolved by a third party chosen by both parties. For example, the manpower office is appointed to resolve disputes between workers and employers.
5. Judiciary (adjudication) is a dispute resolution effort carried out by third parties who are indeed given the authority to resolve disputes.

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• Assimilation

Assimilation is the process of fusion of cultures or groups that establish relationships or contact.
Assimilation occurs when:

1. There are cultural differences between human groups;
2.  Members of different cultural groups interact intensively for a long period of time;

Each party adapts their own culture
There are several factors that facilitate assimilation, namely:

• Attitude and willingness to tolerate
• Respect for foreigners and their culture
• Opportunities in the balanced economy
• The ruling class is open to minorities
• Similarities in various cultural elements
• Mixed marriage
• Enemy together from outside

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In addition to factors that facilitate assimilation, there are also factors that hinder assimilation, namely:

• The isolation of a certain culture in society
• Lack of knowledge of certain groups about the culture of other groups
• Certain groups are afraid of other groups' cultures
• There is a feeling of superiority to certain groups so that they underestimate other groups
• Differences in bandaniah characteristics between groups
• There is a strong in-group feeling
• There is a discriminatory attitude of the ruling class
• Differences in interests and personal conflicts

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• amalgamation

Amalgamation is a process marked by the fusion of two cultural groups into one, which eventually gives birth to something new.

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Functions of Social Institutions

In general, social institutions have several functions.
The following are the functions of social institutions.

1. Provide guidance to community members in terms of behaving and behaving in dealing with social problems.
2. Maintain community integrity and integration.
3. Provide guidance to the community to establish a social control system, meaning a community monitoring system for the behavior of its members.
   Experts see in more detail what the functions of social institutions are. Thus, several functions of social institutions can be distinguished.

Based on whether the function of a social institution is realized or not realized by a social group or society, the function of a social institution is divided into:

1. The manifest function is the function of social institutions that are realized and become the expectations of society as a whole.
2. Latent function, namely the function of social institutions that are not realized and are not the main goal of the whole society. The latent function does not appear real and is not expected by the community, but it does exist.

Also Read: Definition of Social Institution

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The Role and Function of the Family According to Effendi (1998)

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• Functions of Regulating Biological Relationships

In the function of regulating biological relationships, humans have advantages over animals in terms of reasoning power, reasoning, and conscience, which drives people not only to walk based on instincts or momentary urgent needs mere. Society considers a biological relationship to be valid if the two people of the opposite sex have officially become husband and wife.

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• Reproductive Function

It is not naive if the family in terms of sexual function has a role in continuing the offspring. If the sexual function does not work, then a normal family will not be formed, in the sense that it cannot continue the offspring. Although it can be reached by adopting, but the real meaning will remain different as well as those who can continue their offspring.

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• Socialization Function

Based on this function, the family is a place to raise children normally and naturally. In everyday life, the family must be a means for the perfect socialization process to occur, so that children can behave normally in accordance with norms

that occurs in society. If the period of the child who is undergoing the socialization process is not paid attention to properly, then there will be the tendency for children to learn things that deviate or are not in accordance with established rules should. As a result, the child does not have a personality as the family actually expects.

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• Affective Function

What is meant by the function of affection is the existence of social relations that are full of intimacy and affection. Children usually have their own sensitivity to the emotional climates contained in the family, warmth which is most important for the development of the child's personality

Family institutions have an affective function in order to meet the spiritual needs of family members. Humans basically have physical and spiritual needs. Physical needs can be in the form of material things. While spiritual needs can be in the form of things that involve psychological or psychological, and the main thing is spiritual needs.

As a family, it is necessary to generate a sense of affection for other family members. If a child is born because of the love between husband and wife, then after he is born he also needs the love of his parents. This affective function will foster feelings of mutual love between husband and wife, children towards parents, and vice versa, as well as brother and sister affection. This function is really needed by every family member to be able to live a normal life.

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• Economic Function

In a family institution, their daily activities cannot be separated from economic activities. After an institution is formed through marriage, to maintain family life, the family must be able to carry out economic activities according to the level of their needs. In economic activity, the cycle cannot be separated from the problems of production, distribution, and consumption.

If the consumption behavior is not comparable or greater than the production business, there will be inequality, where the family will not have a solid economic system. Normally, there is a balance between production, distribution and consumption. Regarding economic activities, there is usually a clear division of tasks for each family member.

We can see this clearly in an agricultural society, where a family of parents and children work together in cultivating agriculture with the type of work that is adapted. This shows that the production system is running well and later all family members will also consume it or enjoy the results.

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• Supervision/Control Function

Family institutions must be able to carry out the function of monitoring the behavior of all family members. This supervision is very important considering that in family institutions there are always problems or family dynamics that if there is no social control, the impact will be fatal. Parents should monitor the behavior and development of their children. Husband and wife or vice versa must also control each other, even children against parents must also control each other so that there are no family irregularities in everyday life.

Also Read: Definition of Family

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• Protection Function

Family institutions have a protective function on the lives of children as individuals. Parents must be able to provide a sense of security and comfort for their children. Children will feel calm physically and mentally if parents are able to create a safe atmosphere. In a safe situation, parents must be able to provide good direction for the future of their children. The role of the family in determining the future of the child is very large, considering that it is the family who bears the risk of good and bad for the impact.

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• Position and Status Determination Function

In terms of the function of determining position or status, everyone has a status in social life. Status ownership is acquired by default (subscribed status), where this position is passed down from generation to generation. The ability of children to pursue positions based on their achievements will not be separated from the help of others, in this case the family. The ability of children to achieve achievements in social life is strongly influenced by the basic demands they get in the family.

How to get status:

Assign Status is a social status that is obtained by a person in the community that is not obtained from birth but is given because of the effort and trust of the community. For example: A person who is made a tribal chief, traditional leader, elder, etc.

Ascribed Status is a type of status that is acquired from birth. Such as gender, race, caste, ancestry, ethnicity, age, and so on.

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• Protection Function

The protection function provided by the family is not only in the form of physical protection, but also psychologically. The protective function of the family will only be felt if the family feels the same thing at home, namely taste serene and peaceful, this can be given if the family atmosphere is full of love and harmony within family.

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• Maintenance Function

The family is basically obliged to take care of its members who are sick, suffering, and old. The function of this maintenance is different in each society, but some communities burden the family with special responsibilities to its members if they are dependent on the community.

Along with the development of an increasingly modern and complex society, part of the implementation of this maintenance function has begun many are taken over and served by community institutions, such as hospitals, houses that specifically serve people decrepit.

Along with changes and developments in society caused by industrialization and modernization, the function of the family experienced shifts in its role. The shift in family functions is contained in the following family functions.

Also Read: 10 Definitions of Social and Social Institutions

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• Education Function

In the function of education, in the past, the family was the only essence of education. The function of this family has undergone many changes. Informally, the function of family education is still important, but formally, the function of education has been displaced by developments in educational specialization.

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• Recreation Function

Reflection of the recreational function, the family was a place of recreation for its members, after a busy day with all activities. With changes and the development of a more complex society, it is replaced by other institutions, such as cinema halls, circus stages, night club, and others. This shift reduces the harmonious relationship between family members in communicating and socializing.

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• Religious Function

In the past, the family was the center of religious ceremonial education and worship for its members, in addition to the role played by religious institutions. The process of secularization in society and the declining influence of religious institutions led to a decline in the religious function of the family.

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• Protection Function

In this case, the family functions as a place of protection and care both physically and socially. Now in some communities this function is taken over by other institutions, such as care for physically and mentally disabled children, orphans, delinquent children, the elderly, and etc.

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• Socio-Cultural Function

This function provides an opportunity for families and all their members to develop the nation's diverse cultural wealth in one unity, so that in this case the father and mother are expected to be able to teach and pass on traditions, culture and moral value systems to their children his son.

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• Love function

This is useful for providing a solid foundation for the relationship between children and children, husband and wife, parents and children and kinship between generations, so that the family becomes the main place where a life full of love is born and inner. Love is the guide of wise actions and attitudes.

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• Environmental Development Function

Giving each family the ability to position themselves in a harmonious, harmonious, balanced manner in accordance with the carrying capacity of nature and the dynamically changing environment.

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• Health Care Function

The function of health care is the function of the family to prevent the occurrence of health problems and to care for family members who have health problems.

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That's the article from guru Pendidikan.co.id about Family Institutions: Definition, Functions, Characteristics, Examples, Forms, Social, and Roles According to Experts, I hope this article is useful for all of you.