√ Definition of Archaeology, Goals, Development, Majors and Examples
Definition of Archaeology, Goals, Development, Majors and Examples - On this occasion Regarding Knowledge will discuss archeology which includes the meaning, objectives, development, majors and examples of archaeology. For more details, see the explanation below.
Definition of Archaeology, Goals, Development, Majors and Examples
Archeology is a field of systematic scientific study of ancient objects as a tool in reconstructing the past. People who study or work in the field of archeology are called archaeologists. Archeology is closely related to the history of material culture. It is said that archeology is the science of human culture in the past through the systematic study of data material. This systematic review includes discovery, documentation, analysis and interpretation of artifacts.
Understanding Archeology According to Artifacts
Let's discuss archeology in terms of artifacts below.
1. Grahame Clark (1960: 17 – 21)
Archeology is a systematic study of ancient objects as a tool in reconstructing the past. Although the field of archaeological study depends on artifacts, archeology also requires description with greater insight into the texture, shape and artistry of artifacts to classify and interpret developments style. Archaeologists are able to distinguish separate cultural products, determine phases of historical development and detect the interaction of diverse traditions. Archaeologists also need to link the economic life system of society and the natural environment.
2. Stuart Piggot (1965)
Archeology is a discipline that discusses unnoticed events and is proven from the remains of various objects existing ones, whether these ancient objects were the product of a society using written records or without writing.
Archaeological Objectives
There has been a long debate about the purpose of archaeology, for example what is meant by the archaeological paradigm, its cultural history, understanding the process of cultural change and understanding human behavior. Archeology is classified as a humanities science because it aims to understand human culture.
However, many scientific tools are used, such as anthropology, history, geography, geology, bioanthropology, paleoanthropology, architecture, metallurgy, physics and philology. Archeology specifically studies past cultures, prehistory and historical periods. Apart from that, archeology also studies current fashion, for example the study of modern material culture.
Archeology relies heavily on relics of the past so it is necessary to preserve prehistoric objects such as data sources. Then, another scientific discipline was developed, namely archaeological resource management (archaeological resources management) or cultural resource management.
Development of Archeology in Indonesia
Indonesian archeology is part of the Indonesian Archaeological Association (IAAI). R. Soekmono is an Indonesian archaeological figure who is famous for leading the restoration of Borobudur Temple and R.P Soejono is the founder and first chairman of IAAI and former head of the Archaeological Research Center National.
Indonesian Archaeological Discipline
Chronological divisions still dominate the discipline of Indonesian archeology, namely the prehistoric period, the classical period (Hindu-Buddhist period), the Islamic period and the colonial period. Indonesia is famous for specializing in archeology based on periods. Prehistoric archaeology, ancient archaeology, classical archeology and colonial archaeology. One of the features included is the archeology of Indonesian inscriptions, pursuing readers of ancient inscriptions.
Archaeological institutions in Indonesia initially operated in the cultural sector, for example the Royal Bataviaasch Genootschap Van Kunsten en Wetenschappen in Jakarta which built the oldest museum (Museum Indonesia At the moment). The government took part in the Oudheikundige Dienst colonial archaeological period, carrying out many surveys and restoration of ancient buildings such as temples.
During the independence period, the Antiquities Service developed into many institutions until now, for example the Prubakala Conservation Center and Archeology at the regional level as well as the Directorate of Antiquities as well as the National Archaeological Research and Development Center in Jakarta.
Archeology Department in Higher Education
In Indonesia, there are several universities that open archeology departments to produce archeology experts, for example the University of Indonesia with the Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Cultural Sciences. Then, Department of Archeology, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Gadjah Mada University, Department of Archaeology Faculty of Letters, Hasanuddin University and Department of Archeology, Faculty of Arts and Culture, University Udayana.
Current Archaeological Developments
Construction is currently developing special interests, for example ethnoarchaeology, archaeometry and underwater archaeology. There are also sub-disciplines that have developed due to links with other scientific disciplines, for example Archaeological Economics, Environmental Archeology or Archaeological Ecology, Archaeological Demography, Art and Architecture Archeology and Archeology.
Archaeological Example
Examples of archaeological material culture include stone axes and temples. Then examples of ecofacts include fine soil, rocks and fossils. An example of an archaeological feature is an artifact that cannot be moved from an archaeological place or site. Then, study techniques such as typical archaeological excavations and general surveys are carried out.
Currently archeology covers many related fields, for example the discovery of buried bodies attracts the interest of experts from various fields to study the types of clothing materials used, the shape of the ceramic and how it was distributed, the confidence of the person buried and the cadaver chemist can determine the age of the excavation in various ways method. The method for measuring carbon by geneticists who want to know the migration movements of ancient humans researches DNA
That is the explanation of the material Definition of Archaeology, Goals, Development, Majors and Examples. Archeology may seem old-fashioned and boring, but there are many benefits that can be contributed from the science of archeology itself. Hopefully it provides benefits. Thank You.
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