Viscosity Formula: Definition of Viscosity, Coefficient and Influencing Factors
Viscosity Formula: Definition of Viscosity, Coefficient and Influencing Factors – What is the Viscosity Formula? Viscosity is a measurement of the resistance of a fluid that is changed either by stress or pressure. On this occasion About the knowledge.co.id will discuss Viscosity and other elements about it. Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to better understand it.
Viscosity Formula: Definition of Viscosity, Coefficient and Influencing Factors
Newton's law reads: that the shear stress in a fluid is proportional to the rate of change of the normal velocity of the flow, this velocity rate is referred to as the velocity gradient. There are several kinds of viscosity formulas, including:
Dynamic Viscosity Formula
Absolute viscosity (absolute viscosity coefficient) is a measure of internal resistance.
Dynamic viscosity is the tangential force per unit area required to move a plane horizontal to another plane, in units of velocity (velocity), while maintaining the distance in a fluid.
The Dynamic Viscosity formula is:
T = µ (dc / dy)
Information :
T = shear stress (N/m2)
µ = Dynamic viscosity (Ns/m2)
dc = speed unit (m/s)
dy = unit distance between (m).
In the SI system the units for dynamic viscosity are (Ns/m2, Pa s or kg/(ms), where:
1Pa s = 1Ns/m2 = 1kg/(ms)
If expressed in CGS system metric units (centimeters, grams, seconds / seconds) are: g/(cm s), dyne s/cm2 or centipoise (cP), then:
1 centipoise = 1dyne s/cm2 = 1g/(cm s) = 1/10 Pa s = 1/10 Ns/m2
For the use of poise for viscous, it will produce a number that is too large, so it is often divided by 100, namely in centipoise (cP), to become:
1P = 100cP
1cP = 0.01 poise = 0.01g/(cm s) = 0.001Pascal = 1milliPascal = 0.001Ns/m2
Water at 20.2C (68.4F) has an absolute viscosity of 1 centipoise.
Kinematic Viscosity Formula
Kinematic viscosity is a ratio between the absolute viscosity to density (density) to the amount where no force is involved.
Kinematic viscosity is calculated by dividing the absolute viscosity of the liquid by the mass density of the liquid.
Kinematic Viscosity Formula
v = µ/ᵨ
Information
v = unit kinematic viscosity (m2/s)
µ = absolute / dynamic viscosity unit (Ns/m2)
ᵨ = unit density (kg/m3).
In the SI system or (international unit) the unit for kinematic viscosity is m2/s or Stoke (St), where:
1 st (stoke) = 10-4 m2/s = 1cm2/s
Because Stoke is a large unit, it needs to be divided by the number 100, so that it becomes a smaller unit, namely centiStoke (cSt), so it will turn into:
1St = 100cSt
1cSt = 10-6m2/s = 1mm2/s
The specific gravity of water at 20.2C (68.4F) is nearly unity and the kinematic viscosity of water at 20.2C (68.4F) is practically 1.0mm2/s (cSt). More precisely, the kinematic viscosity for water at 20.2C (68.4F) is mm2/s (cSt).
An example of converting from absolute viscosity to kinematic viscosity in imperial units is:
v = 6.7197 10-4 µ / y
Information:
v = kinematic viscosity (ft2/s)
µ = absolute/dynamic viscosity (cP)
y = specific weight (lb/ft3).
Physics Viscosity Formula
η = k x p x D / V
The explanation:
η: Viscosity Coefficient
k: Constant
Q: Pressure
D: Diameters
V: Speed
Fluid Viscosity Formula
F = η A x v / L
The explanation:
F = Force (N)
A = Surface area associated with fluid (m²)
v = Fluid Velocity
L = Distance between Chips
η = Viscosity Coefficient (Kg)
Definition of Viscosity
Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid to being changed either by pressure or stress. More specifically, the notion of viscosity is a measure of the viscosity of a fluid which can express the small amount of friction in a fluid. So, if the greater the viscosity in the fluid, it will be more difficult to flow and it will also be more difficult for objects to move in the fluid.
It should be noted, in liquids, the viscosity is produced by the cohesive forces between the molecules of the liquid. Whereas in gases, viscosity appears as a result of collisions between gas molecules.
An example of viscosity in everyday life is when pouring a glass of water and a glass of oil, of course the water will run out quickly. This is because water has a lower viscosity than oil; between very small water molecules to rub against the glass so that the water flow rate will be faster than that of oil.
Viscosity In Everyday Life
In everyday life, viscosity is Thickness or internal friction. Therefore, water, which is thin, has a lower viscosity, while honey, which is thick, has a higher viscosity. Meaning, the lower the viscosity of a fluid, the greater the movement of the fluid.
Viscosity describes a fluid's internal resistance to flow and may be thought of as a measure of fluid displacement. For example, magma that has a high viscosity creates a tall, steep statovolcano, so it can't flow very far before it cools.
Meanwhile, lava that has a lower viscosity creates a low and wide volcano. All fluids (except superfluids) have resistance to pressure, therefore they are called viscous, but fluids that have no resistance to pressure and stress are called ideal fluids.
Viscosity Coefficient
The International (SI) unit for the coefficient of viscosity is Ns/m2/pascal second (Pa s). For the cgs unit (centimeter gram second) and for the SI the viscosity coefficient is dyn.s/cm2 = poise (p). Viscosity can also be expressed in centipoise (cP). 1 cP = 1/1000 P.
Viscosity and Temperature Reference
Dynamic or kinematic viscosity is very important because the viscosity level of a liquid is very dependent on its temperature.
According to ISO 8217, the reference temperature for a liquid is 100C, and for a distillate liquid is 40C.
Factors That Can Affect Viscosity
Viscosity also has influence factors, there are 4 factors that can influence it. These factors include:
Pressure
The viscosity of a gas cannot be affected by pressure, but the viscosity of a liquid can be affected by pressure, that is, the viscosity will increase if the pressure also increases.
temperature
If the temperature rises, the viscosity of the liquid will decrease, while the viscosity of the gas will increase when accompanied by an increase in temperature. Because when the liquid is hot it will cause its molecules to gain energy. Where the liquid molecules move so that the forces between molecules will decrease.
Presence of other substances
If there is the addition of other substances, for example the addition of cane sugar, the viscosity of the water will increase. The addition of other substances such as suspension materials will increase the viscosity of water. Whereas in oil or glycerin if water is added it will cause the viscosity of the oil or glycerin to decrease and become thinner and have a faster flow.
Intermolecular forces
If there are hydrogen bonds, the viscosity of water will increase, the viscosity of CPO with the OH group on the triglycerides will also increase under the same circumstances.
Size and molecular weight
Viscosity will increase if the molecular weight also increases. For example, the flow of alcohol will be fast, while an oil solution will flow slowly and has a high viscosity, so the viscosity is also high.
Solution concentration
Viscosity has a ratio that is in the same direction as the concentration of the solution. A solution with a high concentration will have a high viscosity. This is because the concentration of a solution can be expressed by the number of particles of dissolved substance per unit volume. If there are a lot of dissolved particles, the friction between one particle and another is also higher, so that the viscosity also increases.
Thus the review from About the knowledge.co.id about Viscosity Formula, hopefully can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read other articles.
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