√ Understanding Pigments, Functions and Types (Complete)
Understanding Pigments, Functions and Types (Complete)- On this occasion Regarding Knowledge will discuss Pigments. This discussion explains the meaning of pigments, their functions and types briefly and clearly. For more details, see the following article.
Understanding Pigments, Functions and Types (Complete)
According to Wikipedia, pigments or dyes are substances that change the color of visible light as a result of a selective absorption process of wavelengths in a certain range. The color of plants is caused by the pigments they contain in the thylakoids found in the stroma.
Kinds of Pigments
Pigments in leaves are divided into three, namely
- Chlorophyll
- Carotenoids
- Anthocyanin
Chlorophyll is divided into 2, namely chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. Likewise with carotenoids, carotenoids are divided into xanthophyll and carotene.
This division ultimately shows that in general there are 3 types of pigments. In nature, there are natural pigments in various colors, ranging from red, yellow, green and so on. Each pigment has its own role and function.
Pigment Function
These pigments have the following functions:
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll or what is commonly known as the green substance of leaves, as the name suggests, is the content that causes the green color of plants. The pigments in the thylakoid membrane mostly consist of two types of green chlorophyll, namely chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b (Salisbury and Ross, 1995).
Chlorophyll a is able to absorb the red, purple and blue light spectrum in the process of photosynthesis. Meanwhile, chlorophyll b is able to absorb orange and blue light and reflect green and yellow light in the process of photosynthesis. This chlorophyll will absorb energy from the sun to facilitate the photosynthesis process in plants.
Chlorophyll in plants is the same as blood in humans. This substance plays a very important role in metabolic functions such as plant growth and respiration. The chemical composition of chlorophyll is almost the same as the composition of human blood. The difference is, the central atom of chlorophyll is magnesium while the central atom of humans is iron.
Anthocyanin
Anthocyanin is a pigment that can give blue, purple, violet, magenta, red and orange colors to plant parts such as fruit, vegetables, flowers, leaves, roots, tubers, legumes and cereals. Anthocyanins are found in the vocuoles in plant cells.
This compound is reactive, easily oxidized or reduced, and the glycosidic bonds are easily hydrolyzed. This pigment is not toxic and safe for consumption. Anthocyanins can function to fight oxidation processes in the body, protecting against the dangers of DNA damage in the body, increasing the immune system or immune system by producing cytokinins in large quantities big.
Anthocyanins are also able to treat hypertension and liver dysfunction, and can improve the role and function of the nerves cognitive abilities contained in the brain which are related to the level of intelligence, so that intelligence is increasingly honed and increase.
Carotenoids
Carotenoids are divided into carotenes and xanthophylls. Carotene is the pigment that causes the orange color. Meanwhile, xanthophyll is the pigment that causes the yellow color. Carotenoids are able to protect plants against solarization by absorbing excess light energy and then releasing it as heat.
Carotenoids have very high antioxidant activity which will have an impact on improving the immune system. Carotenoids also produce provitamin A. The red color of acalipa leaves is because the leaves contain anthocyanin pigments. The red color of acalipa leaves also varies, there are deep red colors and bright red colors.
Pigment testing carried out on red acalipa leaves showed that red acalipa leaves contain anthocyanin pigments and chlorophyll b, even though the color of the leaves acalipa leaves are not green in color because they have chlorophyll pigment because most plants including acalipa carry out photosynthesis for plant survival the.
Photosynthesis is a process that converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy for plants. This mechanism can occur because there is chlorophyll pigment in plants which is a macro molecule produced by plants. This compound plays a role in the photosynthesis process of plants by absorbing and converting sunlight energy into chemical energy (Kumari, 2012).
There are 3 main functions of chlorophyll, namely
- Utilize solar energy
- Triggers CO2 fixation into carbohydrates
- Provides the energetic basis for the ecosystem as a whole.
Carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis through the anabolism process are converted into proteins, fats, nucleic acids and other organic molecules.
Based on the practical results, various pigment colors were obtained on the leaves of red acalipa, green acalipa, and white acalipa. Physically, it can be seen that red acalipa leaves consist of several colors including green, red and white.
Through experiments that have been carried out, data was obtained that red acalipa leaves contain chlorophyll pigments and anthocyanin pigments in a ratio of 2.52: 1. When seen with the naked eye, green acalipa leaves consist of 2 main colors, namely green and yellow on the edges of the leaves.
Based on experiments, there were no anthocyanin and cartenoid pigments found in green acalipa but it had strong chlorophyll pigments, namely chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in a ratio of 1: 1.6.
White acalipa has the same pigment as green acalipa, namely chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in a ratio of 1: 1.6. These pigments are produced after the leaves are crushed and CaCO3 is added, then added 2 cc of acetone solution, then given 15 cc of petrolium solution and separated using a funnel separator.
That's the explanation about Understanding Pigments, Functions and Types (Complete). Hopefully it can be useful and broaden your insight. Thank You.
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