Impulse is: Definition, Formula and Example Questions
Impulse is: Definition, Formula and Example Questions - What is meant by Impulse? Impulse is defined as an event where a force acts in a very short time. On this occasion Seputartahu.co.id will discuss matters related to Impulse. Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to understand it better.
Impulse is: Definition, Formula and Example Questions
An impulse is a force that acts on an object for only a moment. To make a stationary object move, a force is needed that acts on the object during a certain time interval. The force required to make an object move within a certain time interval is called impulse.
In other words, impulse is the product of the force (vector) and the time interval for the force to work (scalar), so impulse is closely related to direction. An example of an impulse event is someone kicking a ball. To kick requires a force to make the ball move and there is a time lapse before the person's foot touches the ball.
Impulses are used to increase, decrease, and change the direction of momentum in a unit of time. Impulse can be formulated as the result of multiplying force by a time interval.
Impulse Formula
Mathematically, the impulse formula is written as follows:
I = (F)(Δt)
Information
Δt = time interval (seconds)
F = force (newton)
From Newton's second law formula, F = (m)(a), the unit of force is kg.m.s⁻² (or newton)
So, the unit of impulse is
(kg.m.s⁻²)(s) ⇒ kg.m.s⁻¹
The impulse dimension is [M][L][T]⁻¹
The Relationship Between Impulse and Momentum
Newton's law states "that the force acting on an object will be equal to the product of its mass and acceleration". With this statement, you will get a formula like the following:
F = m. a If we enter into a formula I = F. ∆t then, a new formula will appear as follows:
I = F ∆t
I = m. a ( t2 – t1 )
I = mv/t ( t2 – t1 )
I = m. v1 – m. v2
In this way, we can draw a conclusion that the magnitude of the impulse exerted or acting on an object will be the same as the magnitude of the change in momentum of the object. However, if there is no external force affecting the object then the amount of momentum will remain the same because the amount of initial momentum and the amount of final momentum will be the same.
If there is a change in speed (v) on an object, it will result in a change in momentum (p) on the object itself. This is because momentum is the product of speed and mass (m) of the object.
p= m v
This change in momentum is called impulse (J). The magnitude of the impulse is the difference between the initial and final momentum (before and after the collision).
J = ∆p
So the magnitude of the impulse caused by a change in the object's speed is:
J = m (v2 – v1)
Impulse and momentum have the same units, namely kg m/s
The force required (F) to change the speed of the object above is equal to the impulse (J) divided by the time the force works (t).
F = J / t
An example of a change in momentum due to an impulse is when accelerating (accelerating) or braking a vehicle such as a motorbike.
Example of Impulse Questions
1. If a motorbike with a mass of 125 kg is traveling at a speed of 20 m/s then it accelerates to 60 m/s in 5 seconds. So, the magnitude of the impulse that occurs is:
I = m (v2 – v1)
= 125(60 – 20)
= (125)(40)
= 5000 kg m/s.
2. A ball is hit with a force of 50 N with a time of 0.01 second. Then determine how big the impus of the ball is?
Answered:
I = F Δt
I = 50 N. 0.01 s
I = 0.5 Ns
3. A ball is kicked with a mass of 200 grams and rolls towards the east with a speed of 2 m/s. And kicked in within 0.1 second. So the speed will be 8 m/s in the same direction. Then determine the force exerted by the kicker's foot on the ball!
I = F Δt
I = mvt – mv0
F. Δt = mvt – mv0
F = m (mvt – mv0 ) / Δt
F = 0.2 ( 8 – 2 ) / 0.1
F = 12 N
4. A ball with a mass of 0.2 kg is at rest, then hit so that the ball travels at a speed of 150 m/s. If the length of time the bat touches the ball is 0.1 seconds, then the magnitude of the bat's force is...
Discussion:
Is known:
m = 0.2 kg
v1 = 0 m/s (the ball is initially at rest)
v2 = 150 m/s
∆t = 0.1 s
Wanted: hitting style (F)
Answer:
Impulse formula:
I = F ∆t
Or
I = m (v2 – v1)
From this formula, it is obtained:
F. ∆t = m (v2 – v1)
F(0.1) = 0.2 (150-0)
F(0.1) = 30
F = 30/0.1 = 300 N
5. An object with a mass of 5 kg experiences a change in speed from 10 m/s to 15 m/s. Determine the impulse acting on the object!
Discussion:
Is known:
m = 5 kg
v1 = 10 m/s
v2 = 15 m/s
Asked: ….I?
Answer:
The basic formula for impulse is the change in momentum of an object.
I = P2 − P1
I = mv2 − mv1
I = m (v2 − v1)
So that:
I = m (v2 − v1)
I = 5 (15 − 10) = 25 kg m/s
That's the review from Seputartahu.co.id about Impulse, Hopefully it can increase your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read other articles.
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