√ Definition of Critical Thinking, Characteristics, Components and Indicators
Definition of Critical Thinking, Characteristics, Components and Indicators – In this discussion we will explain Critical Thinking. which includes the definition, characteristics, components and indicators of critical thinking with a complete and easy to understand discussion.
Definition of Critical Thinking, Characteristics, Components and Indicators
For more details, please see the review Regarding Knowledge below carefully.
Understanding Critical Thinking
Critical thinking is someone who is able to analyze ideas or thoughts logically, reflectively, systematically and productively to make things easier create, evaluate and also make decisions regarding what one believes or will do resulting in solving a problem faced.
The ability to think critically is very important to analyze a problem so that at the stage of finding a solution to solve the problem.
Understanding Critical Thinking According to Experts
The following is the definition of critical thinking according to experts.
1. Seriven and Paul (in Suwarma, 2009:11)
The definition of critical thinking according to Seriven and Paul is an intellectual process of creating concepts, applying, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information obtained from observation, experience, reflection, thinking or communication as a basis for believing and doing something action.
2. Wijaya (2010:72)
The definition of critical thinking according to Wijaya is the activity of analyzing ideas or ideas in a deeper direction specific, distinguishing it sharply, selecting, identifying, studying and developing it in a further direction perfect.
3. Kurfiss (1988)
The definition of critical thinking according to Kurfiss is a study whose aim is to examine a situation, phenomenon, question, or the problem of arriving at a hypothesis or conclusion that integrates all available information so that it can be justified with Certain.
4. Johnson (2010:100)
The definition of critical thinking according to Johnson is an organized and clear process used in mental activities such as problem solving, decision making, analyzing assumptions and discoveries scientific.
5. Surya (2011: 131)
The definition of critical thinking according to Surya is an active, persistent activity and careful consideration of something Any accepted belief or form of knowledge is viewed from various angles of supporting reasons and conclude.
Characteristics of Thinking Aloud
Beyer (in Surya, 2011: 137) states that there are eight characteristics/characteristics of thinking hard, including the following:
Character (Dispositions)
A person who has critical thinking skills has a skeptical attitude (does not believe easily), is very open, appreciates honesty, responds to various data and opinions, respond to clarity and thoroughness, look for different views, and will change attitudes when there is an opinion that he considers Good.
Criteria (Criteria)
In critical thinking you must have a criterion or benchmark. In order to get there you have to find something to decide or believe in. Even though an argument can be prepared from several learning sources, it will have different criteria.
If we are going to implement standardization, it must be based on relevance, accuracy of facts, and foundation sources that are credible, thorough, unbiased, free from false logic, consistent logic, and good judgment ripe.
Argument (argument)
An argument is a statement or proposition that has a basis based on data. However, in general an argument is interpreted as a basis that can be used to strengthen or reject an opinion, stance or idea. Critical thinking skills include recognition, assessment and argumentation activities.
Consideration or Thought (Reasoning)
Is the ability to summarize a conclusion from one or more premises. The process will include the activity of testing the relationship between several statements or data.
Point of view (Point of view)
Point of view is a way of looking or the basis used to interpret something and which will determine the construction of meaning. A person who thinks critically will view or interpret phenomena from various different points of view.
Procedures for Applying Criteria (procedures for applying criteria)
The procedure for implementing critical thinking is very complex and procedural. This procedure includes formulating the problem, determining the decisions to be taken and identifying assumptions or estimates.
Critical Thinking Components
Seifert and Hoffinung (in Desmita, 2010: 154) states that there are four components of critical thinking, including:
Basic Operations of Reasoning
To think critically, a person has the ability to provide explanations, generalize, draw deductive conclusions and formulate other logical steps mentally.
Domain Specific Knowledge
In facing a problem, someone must know the topic or content. To resolve a personal conflict, someone must have knowledge about the person and with whom they have the conflict.
Metacognitive Knowledge
Effective critical thinking requires a person to monitor when he or she tries to properly understand an idea, consciously when he needs new information and figure out how he can easily gather and learn information the.
Values, Beliefs and Dispositions
Thinking critically means making judgments fairly and objectively. This means that there is a kind of self-confidence that thoughts really lead to a solution. Apart from that, this also means that there is a kind of persistent and reflective disposition when thinking.
Critical Thinking Indicators
Fisher (in Rahmawati 2011: 8) explains that there are indicators of critical thinking abilities, including:
- Identify elements in a reasoned case, especially reasons and conclusions.
- Identify and evaluate assumptions
- Explain and interpret statements and ideas
- Judge admissibility, primarily on credibility and claims
- Carry out analysis, evaluation and obtain explanations
- Carry out analysis, evaluation and make decisions
- Conclude
- Generate arguments
Then obey Ennis (in Maftukhin 2013: 24) states that there are five groups of indicators of critical thinking abilities, including:
Basic Classification (Elementary Clarification)
The basic classification is divided into three indicators, namely:
- Identify or formulate questions
- Analyze arguments
- Ask and answer classification questions and/or challenging questions.
Providing Reasons for a Decision (The Basic for The Decision)
This stage is divided into two indicators, namely:
- Make deductions and consider the results of the deduction
- Make an induction and consider the results of the induction
- Make and carry out value judgment decisions
Further Classification (Advanced Clarification)
This stage is divided into two indicators, namely:
- Identify terms and consider definitions
- Refers to unstated assumptions
Supposition and Integration (Supposition and Integration)
At this stage it is divided into two indicators, namely:
- Carry out considerations and think logically about premises, reasons, assumptions, positions and other proposals that are not agree with them or make them feel doubtful without making the disagreement or doubt annoying their thoughts
- Combining other abilities and dispositions in making and maintaining a decision.
Thus has been explained about Definition of Critical Thinking, Characteristics, Components and Indicators, hopefully it can increase your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read other articles.
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