Pineal Gland: Definition, Structure, Function and How it Works
Pineal Gland: Definition, Structure, Function and How It Works - What is the pineal gland and its function? On this occasion Seputar Ilmu.co.id will discuss it and of course about other things that also cover it. Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to understand it better.
Pineal Gland: Definition, Structure, Function and How it Works
The pineal gland, conarium, or cerebral epiphysis is a small endocrine gland in the brain of most vertebrates. The pineal gland produces melatonin, a hormone derived from serotonin that regulates sleep patterns in circadian and seasonal cycles. Even though it is small, this gland has an important function for the human body.
Without the pineal gland, the body has difficulty sleeping and waking up at the same time. The body will also have difficulty responding to changes in light properly. The word pineal, from Latin pinea (pine cone), was first used in the late 17th century to refer to the conical shape of the brain gland.
The pineal gland is located in the epithalamus, near the center of the brain, between the two cerebral hemispheres, tucked into the groove where the two hemispheres of the thalamus join. The pineal gland is one of the neuroendocrine secretory circumventricular organs in which the capillaries are largely permeable to substances dissolved in the blood.
Nearly all vertebrates have a pineal gland. The most important exception is the primitive vertebrate, the hagfish. However, even in hagfish, there may be a “pineal equivalent” structure in the dorsal diencephalon.
The lancelet Branchiostoma lanceolatum, its closest vertebrate relative, also lacks a recognizable pineal gland. Lampreys (another primitive vertebrate), however, do have them. Some more evolved vertebrates have lost the pineal gland during their evolution.
Results of various scientific research in the fields of evolutionary biology, comparative neuroanatomy and neurophysiology has explained the evolutionary history (phylogeny) of the pineal gland in vertebrate species different.
From the point of view of biological evolution, the pineal gland represents a kind of atrophied photoreceptor. In the epithalamus of some species of amphibians and reptiles, it is associated with the light-sensing organ, known as the parietal eye, which is also called the pineal eye or third eye.
René Descartes believed that the human pineal gland was “the primary seat of the soul.” Academic philosophy among his contemporaries considered the pineal gland to be a neuroanatomical structure without any special metaphysical qualities; science studies it as one endocrine gland among many.
The pineal gland is one of the endocrine glands found in the brain of vertebrates, including the human brain. Its main function is to produce serotonin, a hormone that functions to regulate the sleep cycle.
The pineal gland is located at the back of the third ventricle of the brain. In adults, the pineal gland generally measures between 5 – 9mm and weighs 0.1 gram. The shape of the pineal gland resembles a pine cone, perhaps hence the name pineal (Latin Pinea = Pinus).
Pineal Gland Structure
The pineal gland is an unpaired midline structure of the brain. It gets its name from the shape of its pine cone. This gland is reddish-gray in color and is about the size of a grain of rice (5–8 mm) in humans. The pineal gland, also called the pineal body, is part of the epithalamus, and is located between the thalamic bodies located laterally and behind the habenular commissure.
It is located in the quadrigeminal cistern close to the corpora quadrigemina .It is also located behind the third ventricle and bathed in cerebrospinal fluid supplied through the small pineal recess of the third ventricle projecting to the peduncle gland.
The structure of the pineal gland, when viewed from its development, originates from the expansion of the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus functions as a function of the brain. The pineal gland is divided into 2 "two" hemispheres with rounded thalamic body grooves joining the lobular parenchyma of the pinealocytes.
Based on structure, the pineal gland is composed of:
- Blood circulation
- Nervous system
- Cell
- Builder
- Symmetry
Function of the Pineal Gland
- Producing melatonin.
- To regulate sleep cycles.
- Plays a role in regulating the work of the pituitary gland.
- Affects the secretion of sex hormones.
- Helps drug metabolism.
- A place to regulate skin pigmentation.
- Associated with light sensitive cells.
- Connected with the "vision" optic nerve.
- The receiving center of all etheric sensors such as vision, hearing, emotions and others.
- Regulates biological time related to seasons and light.
- Body temperature regulator.
- As the third eye and related to the spiritual.
Pineal Gland Cells
- Pinealocytes, which are located behind the third ventricle between the 2 "two" hemispheres of the brain, function to secrete the hormone melatonin.
- Interstitial cells are cells that give the pineal gland its elongated shape and dark cytoplasm.
- Pineal neurons are a part of neurons in vertebrate animals.
- Peptidergic neuron like-cell is a cell that regulates peracrine cells found in several species.
- Perivascular phagocyte is a cell that is located near blood vessels as an antigen cell, this cell can be found in the pineal gland in mice.
How the Pineal Gland Works
How the pineal gland works At night, the hormone melatonin in the pineal gland will work longer than during the day. The length of time that produces the hormone melatonin is related to the human biological clock.
Meanwhile, the way the pineal gland works in sexual activity at each age level is different. When you are a child, the pineal gland and thymus gland will be in an active condition, thereby inhibiting sexual development.
So during puberty the pineal gland will shrink and release a small amount of melatonin. The way the pineal gland works in relation to the third eye and spirituality is almost the same as how it worked when you were a child.
When connected to the third eye and the spiritual, the pineal gland will produce DMT "Dimethyltryhptamine" which is a substance that connects the real and the unreal to form a resonance pattern. In this condition a person can return to the real world where we can see what is real and what is not real.
As long as it is active and releases DMT, biochemical and bioelectronic processes occur. This gland can be active because it depends on the activities carried out by the individual and the environment.
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