√ Definition of Alveoli, Function, Characteristics and Structure
Definition of Alveoli, Function, Characteristics and Structure – On this occasion Regarding Knowledge will discuss the Alveoli. This discussion explains the meaning of alveoli, their function, characteristics and structure briefly and clearly. For more details, see the following article about alveoli.
Definition of Alveoli, Function, Characteristics and Structure
The alveolus is a hollow anatomical structure located in the lung parenchyma. The alveoli are at the end of the respiratory tract, on both sides of which air and blood exchange.
Alveoli are air-filled bubbles in the lungs with a number of around 300 million. Another name for the plural form of laveolus is alveoli.
The bubbles contain blood capillaries which have thin walls and blood capillaries covering each bubble. Through the alveolar walls, O2 (oxygen) from the air is exchanged with the blood cells in the body. As well as the exchange of CO2 (carbon dioxide) from blood cells in the body to the free air.
So the alveoli are sacs that have thin walls at the end of the smallest airways (bronchioles) in the lungs which contain air.
In this case, the alveolus is an anatomy that only mammals have. The gas exchange system that occurs in vertebrates has a different structure. The alveolar membrane is the surface where gas exchange occurs. Blood from throughout the body is rich in carbon dioxide and is pumped into the alveolar blood vessels. Where through diffusion it absorbs O2 (oxygen) and releases CO2 (carbon dioxide).
The size of the alveoli can reach a diameter of 200 to 300 micrometers. This makes the lung surface wider. Where the surface area of the lungs is around 160 m2 or about 100 times larger than the surface of the body.
Alveolar Characteristics
- Has a smooth shape
- The shape is in the form of very thin air bubbles
- Alveoli are branches of bronchioles
Alveolar Function
The functions of the alveoli include the following:
As a place for gas exchange
In general, the alveoli are a place for gas exchange in the respiratory system in the lungs. Where each alveolus is lined with thin, flat cells and contains many capillaries. This is the part where gas exchange occurs in the body. Gas exchange consists of the absorption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide in the body.
The exchange that occurs in the lungs is passive diffusion, which means that the organ does not require energy to be burned. The gas will undergo an exchange process by moving through a concentration gradient or high concentration to low concentration.
In the mechanism of gas exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide that occurs in the human body in the human breathing process which is carried out in the alveoli.
Temporary Air Storage Place
The alveoli also function as a temporary air storage place which will then allow the absorption of oxygen-containing air into the blood.
Alveolar Structure
In the structure of the alveolus, there are alveoli consisting of epithelium in the form of layers and extracellular matrix surrounded by capillaries. The epithelial layer plays a role in facilitating the binding of oxygen originating from the air in the alveolar cavity which is carried out by blood in the blood capillaries.
The alveoli in the alveolar walls have pores which can be called Kohn's pores. Alveoli also contain some elastic fibers and collagen fibers.
When the inhalation process occurs, the alveoli will be filled with air. The presence of elastic fibers in the alveoli will allow these anatomical structures to stretch. It could be said that when breathing, these elastic fibers allow contraction and expansion of the alveoli walls. Meanwhile, collagen fibers will become stiffer and provide firmness to the alveoli walls.
In an alveolus there are 3 main cells, including:
- Alveolar squamous (type I) are the cells that form the alveolar structure
- Large alveolar cells (type II) are cells whose role is to secrete surfactant to help reduces tension on the water surface and helps the membrane separation process, making the process easier gas exchange. These large alveolar cells can help repair damage that occurs to the endothelium of the alveoli.
- Squamous epithelial cells are cells that act as capillary-forming cells which later become capillaries This will function in gas diffusion where the formation of capillaries covers 70% of the area the.
Apart from the 3 main cells, there are macrophage cells, which are cells that can help destroy bacteria and various foreign objects that enter the body through breathing. In this case the cells are related to the immune system.
That's the explanation about Definition of Alveoli, Function, Characteristics and Structure, hopefully it can be useful and broaden your insight.
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