Inclined Plane: Definition, Formula, Mechanical Advantage and Example Questions

Inclined Plane: Definition, Formula, Mechanical Advantage and Example Questions - What is meant by an inclined plane and how to calculate its physics? On this occasion Seputar Ilmu.co.id will discuss it and of course about other things that also cover it. Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to understand it better

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Inclined Plane: Definition, Formula, Mechanical Advantage and Example Questions

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An inclined plane is a simple plane tool consisting of an inclined surface. An inclined plane is a flat surface that has an angle, which is not a perpendicular angle, to a horizontal surface.

Inclined planes are one type of simple plane. A simple plane is a mechanical device that can change the direction or magnitude of something. Work on an inclined plane becomes easier because the surface is sloping. The friction force on the inclined plane will also be less than usual.

To move a very heavy object using an inclined plane, of course we have to know how much effort we need.

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Inclined Plane Formula

The inclined plane formula is formed from a combination of force, object weight, height and length of the inclined plane. Pay attention to the following scheme:

Mathematically, the formula for an inclined plane is:

Information :

• Fk: Power force (N)
• s: Length of the inclined plane (m)
• W: Weight of object (N)
• h: Height of the inclined plane (m)

Mechanical Advantage on Inclined Planes

Inclined planes are commonly used to move items from the floor to trucks (such as crates). In order for the crate to move upwards, it must be pushed or pulled with a force of F. What is the magnitude of the force F, if the length of the inclined plane is s and the height of the truck from the floor is h?

Examples of inclined planes are threads, ladders, chisels, saws, wedges, knives. The working principle of an inclined plane can be explained as follows: a crate containing equipment has a mass of 200 kg or weighs approximately 2000 N. The gravity of the crate is directed downwards. If one person's ability can only lift a load of 500 N vertically upwards, then to lift the crate onto the truck, 4 people are needed. The entire weight of the chest fell on the four people. Each person must each apply a force of 500 N vertically upward.

The work of lifting the crate onto the truck can be made easier with just one person, if you use a simple inclined plane. The weight of the crate no longer falls entirely on the person lifting the crate, but some of it falls on the inclined plane.

A board with length AB = l meters, end A is placed on the truck and end B is on the ground. The weight of the crate W = 2000 N is vertical downwards. The force exerted by a person to push the crate is F, its direction is parallel to the upward sloping plane. The force F is needed to resist some of the weight of the crate H which is directed downwards parallel to the inclined plane. Another part of the weight of the crate W, falls on a perpendicular inclined plane T in a downward direction.

If an upward force F is required parallel to the inclined plane to push the crate, then there must be a downward force opposite the force F. The force opposing the force F comes from part of the weight of the crate W, whose magnitude is H. Another part of the weight of the crate, namely the T force, presses the board perpendicularly downwards, so that the board can bend.

Inclined planes, including simple planes made to obtain greater force or multiply our capabilities. A crate weighing 2000 N cannot be lifted by one person if it is lifted vertically upwards, but can be pushed by one person with the help of an inclined plane.

Along the inclined plane the person pushing the crate to end A from end B, does work equal to work = F x l. If the crate is lifted vertically upwards from C to end A, then the work done is W x h.

This equation can also be obtained from the similarity of triangles. A right triangle containing a side length w x H is similar to a right triangle ABC. So the comparison of the sides:

H/w = h/l = H x l = hw.

The magnitude of the force H = the force of the person pushing the crate, then Fx l = w x h.

Mechanical advantage is a number that expresses the multiplication of the results of a simple machine relative to the force or displacement distance. For an inclined plane the mechanical gain is = l/h.

The efficiency of the inclined plane is: Efficiency = wxh/Hxl x 100 %

If the board is smooth, the input work done by Fxl is the same as Hxl and the same as the output work done by the inclined plane w x h. Inclined plane boards are not always perfectly smooth. In fact, when a crate moves along an inclined plane, the crate experiences frictional force from the plank, which is in the opposite direction to the direction of motion of the crate.

The friction force acts on the plane tangent to the surface of the board and the base of the crate. Therefore, the force applied to push the crate upwards by F must oppose the force H and the friction force G. Then the applied force F= H + G.

The greater the angle of inclination or the straighter the inclined plane, the greater the H force that must be resisted, and the more difficult it is to push the crate upwards. On the other hand, the smaller the angle of inclination or the shorter the height h from the top end of the inclined board, the smaller the force H that must be resisted and the easier it is to push the crate upwards.

Inclined Plane Objectives

The objectives of the inclined plane include:

• Reducing business
• Make work easier
• Speed ​​up work

Examples of Inclined Planes in Life

Inclined planes can actually be seen all around in everyday life. Various efforts are made to move ordinary items from top to bottom or vice versa and are done on sloping surfaces to make it easier.

With the help of an inclined plane, the force exerted to push an object is smaller than to lift it, even though the path it takes is longer. The principle of the inclined plane is also used in various tools and tools such as nails, axes or knives. The following is a list of examples of inclined planes in everyday life.

• Stairs in a house or building are made of tiers or winding. This is done with the aim of reducing style and effort.
• Roads in mountainous areas are always winding. This aims to make the road easier for vehicles to pass.
• Used to raise the drum onto the truck using a wooden board that is tilted. It also uses the principle of an inclined plane.
• Knives are tools that use the principle of an inclined plane.
• The screw thread has a shape that resembles a circular ladder which is used as an inclined plane. This is done with the aim of making it easier for the screw to stick.
• Nails are tools with an inclined plane principle.
• Axes are also tools that use an inclined plane.
• A chisel is another example of an inclined plane.
• The jack is also an example of the inclined plane principle because it uses the same principle as the screw.
• Kater or cutter is an example of a simple machine that uses the principle of an inclined plane.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Inclined Planes

The inclined plane has the advantage, namely that we can move goods to a larger place with a smaller force. The advantage of an inclined plane depends on the length of the inclined plane base and its height. The angle of inclination of the plane continues to become smaller, it continues to become larger or smaller, the force of force that must be carried out. You can also find the working principle of an inclined plane in several tools, for example axes, knives, chisels, screwdrivers, screws, etc.

The screw is basically an inclined plane wrapped around the tube. In an inclined plane, the straight force in the horizontal plane is replaced by a vertical "lift" force. With a screw, the rotating force in the horizontal plane is changed to a vertical "lifting" force.

The screw is actually an inclined plane that is wrapped around a tube so that the winding is in the form of a spiral. The distance between 2 peaks or the distance between 2 screw threads is called the screw interval.

The mechanical advantage of the screw is: 2vir/ d. The mechanical advantage of the screw can be increased by reducing the screw interval d and enlarging the screw arm style r. However, reducing the screw interval causes the screw to be difficult to turn or the screw to be heavy to turn.

Tools that use the screw principle include screw jacks, nuts, bolts, vises and others. The screw will be easy to turn, if the screw is brushed with oil to reduce friction.

When a wood screw is turned, the screw thread pushes against the wood. A response force from the wood pushes back the screw thread and in this method the screw moves down even though the force of turning the screw is in the horizontal plane. Screws are known for their high friction, which is why they are used to attach things. A drill is also an inclined plane.

In contrast to other inclined planes, in tools, it is the tool that moves. However, inclined planes also have disadvantages, namely the distance needed to move goods is greater

Comparison of Inclined and Wedge Planes

A wedge actually has the same principle as an inclined plane. The difference is that on an inclined plane, the object moves as far as the inclined plane The inclined plane is constant, whereas in a wedge the inclined plane moves through goods. Moreover, the wedge has a double inclined plane.

A wedge made from iron is used for splitting logs, coral, cutting hard objects such as floors and so on. The thinner the shape of a wedge, the easier it will penetrate wood or hard objects, as well as crates through areas with a small angle of inclination.

Inclined planes are commonly used in cutting equipment and often combine 2 inclined planes in the form of a wedge. Tools that use the wedge principle are axes, nails, chisels, thorns, orange squeezers, plows, pins and knives. In a wedge, the forward motion is changed to a splitting motion perpendicular to the face of the axe. A zipper is a combination of two lower wedges to close and an upper wedge to open.

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Example of an inclined plane question

Question 1

Using a board that is 4 meters long, the worker exerts a force of 1,250 N to move the box to the ceiling that is 2 meters high. How much does the box weigh?

Completion

Is known

s = 15 m
F = 1,250 N
h = 2 m

Asked

Object Weight???

Answer

w/F = s/h
w/1250 N = 4m/2m
w/1250 N = 2
w = 2. 1250 N
w = 2500 N

So the weight of the object is 2500 N

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Question 2

A board that is 3.6 m long is propped against the car bed which is 80 cm from the ground. The board will be used to push a 90 kg crate from the ground to the bed of the car. What is the mechanical advantage and thrust if the acceleration due to gravity at that place is 10 m/s2?

Solution:

Is known :

s = 3.6 m

h = 80 cm = 0.8 m

m = 90 kg

g = 10 m/s2

KM = s/h

KM = 3.6m/0.8m

KM = 4.5

Asked

mechanical advantages???

Answer

w/F = s/h

m.g/F = s/h

90 kg.(10 m/s2)/F = 3.6 m/0.8 m

900 N/F = 4.5

F = 900 N/4.5

F = 200 N

So, mechanical advantage and thrust force is 200 N

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Question 3

On an inclined plane with a height of 1 m and a length of 5 m. If the weight of the object to be moved is 1,880 N, then calculate the force required to move the object!

Solution:

Is known

w = 1,880 N

s = 5 m

h = 1 m

Answered

w/F = s/h

1,880 N/F = 5 m/1 m

1,880 N/F = 5

F = 1,880 N/5

F = 376 N

So, The force required to move the object is 376 N

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Question 4

An object weighing 1800 N will be raised to a height of 2.5 m. If the expected mechanical advantage is 6, what is the distance traveled by the object on the inclined plane and the force required to push the object?

Solution:

Is known

w = 1,800 N
h = 2.5 m
KM = 6

Asked

Power Style???

Answer

KM = s/h
6 = s/2.5 m
s = 6. 2.5m
s = 15 m

KM = w/F
6 = 1,800 N/F
F = 1,800 N/6
F = 300 N

So, The force required is 300 N

Question 5

An inclined plane is 2 m high and 4 m long. If the weight of the object to be moved is 1,660 N, then calculate the force needed to move the object!

Is known :

w = 1,660 N

s = 4 m

h = 2 m

Answer :

w/F = s/h

1,660 N/F = 4 m/2 m

1. 660 N/F = 2

F = 1,660 N/ 2

F = 610 N

Question 6

A board 2.4 m long is leaned against a car bed which is 60 cm from the ground. The board will then be used to push a crate with a mass of 80 kg from the ground to the bed of the car. Calculate the mechanical advantage and thrust if the acceleration due to gravity at that place is 10 m/s² ?

Is known :

s = 2.4 m

h = 60 cm = 0.6 m

m = 80 kg

g = 10 m/s²

Answer :

KM = s/h

KM = 2.4 m/0.6 m

KM = 4

W/F = s/h

m. g/F = s/h

80 kg. (10m/s² ) / F = 2.4 m/ 0.6 m

900 N/F = 4

F = 900 N / 4

F = 225 N

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