Hibernation: Definition, Types and Functions
Hibernation: Definition, Types and Functions – What is meant by Hibernation?, On this occasion About the knowledge.co.id will discuss it, covering the types and of course other things that also cover it. Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to better understand it
Hibernation: Definition, Types and Functions
Hibernation or rest is a state of inactivity and slowing down of metabolism in signaled animals with lower body temperature, longer respiration, and more metabolic rate low.
Animals that hibernate try to save energy, especially during the cold season when there is a scarcity of food, burning energy reserves, body fat, over a long time. Hibernation can last for days or weeks, depending on the species, ambient temperature, and time of day. Animals that are known to hibernate are bears.
Hibernation is often associated with low temperatures, but the point of hibernation is to save energy during periods when there is not enough food. To achieve this energy saving, the endothermic process will lower the metabolic rate first, which then causes a reduction in body temperature.
Hibernation can last several days, weeks, or months depending on the species, the temperature of the area, the time of year, and the state of the person's body.
Before entering the hibernation period, an animal must supply energy so that it can survive throughout the cold season. Species that are larger in size become hyperphagic and eat large amounts and store energy in fat deposits.
In many species, the small dimensions will hoard food in their hiding places [3]. Some species of mammals hibernate but at the same time retain two-bodied young, either born during the hibernating mother or shortly thereafter.
Types of Hibernation Types
Animal Hibernation
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Primates
The period of hibernation has long been studied in rodents called ground squirrels. No primate or tropical mammal is known to hibernate. It was concluded that Madagascar pygmy lemurs hibernate in burrows for 7 months a year.
Winter temperatures in Malagasy sometimes reach over 30°C (86°F), so hibernation is not particularly adapted to the low temperatures of the area.
The hibernation of these lemurs is highly dependent on the thermal state of the plant burrows: when the burrows are closed poorly, lemur body temperatures fluctuate widely and passively track temperature area; if properly covered, the body temperature remains fairly constant and the animal receives normal stimulation.
Dausmann found that hypermetabolism when animals hibernate is not always accompanied by low body temperature.
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Bear
Whether the bear actually hibernates has always been a matter of debate for decades, because Bears (in cold weather) experience only a slight reduction in core body temperature compared to more mature animals small. Whatever the definition of hibernation, it is not a degree of temperature reduction, but metabolic suppression.
Bears can age, but their metabolic rate is lower to nearly 75% below their basal metabolic rate, indicating that bears hibernate. Indeed, most bears in the Northern Hemisphere will neither eat nor drink for 8 months, and rely solely on stored body fat reserves for energy and water.
Although it is believed that the hibernation of bears is very different from that of rodents as well as that of primates, and involves stress metabolism independently of temperature, because a simple decrease in core temperature does not account for a large decrease in level metabolism, this belief does not consider the impact of metabolic responses that can occur through narrowing of blood vessels or vasoconstriction broad.
They are able to recycle their protein and urine, which allows them to hold urine for months and can stop muscle atrophy.[8][9]
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Bird
Historically, Pliny the Elder believed that swallows hibernate too, as do humans An ornithologist named Gilbert White explained the facts in The Natural History of Selborne which prove it many things. Birds usually do not hibernate. With one known exception the common poorwill bird.
Hibernation In Humans
Bradford and colleagues from SpaceWorks Enterprises and NASA say they have had successful inductions light hibernation state in humans (hypometabolic) for 14 days through hypothermic mode therapeutic.
In this method, the human body temperature is lowered to near the freezing point of water to slow down the function of cells and the brain. Based on the results of this experiment, there was no damage to the patient's body, so the procedure was considered comfortable for humans.
Not only therapeutic hypothermia procedures, the discovery of the molecule 5'- Adenosine Monophosphate (5'- AMP) by Zhang and colleagues in 2006, opened a greater opportunity for the realization of hibernation in man.
Injection of 5'-AMP molecules in mice was reported to stimulate the severe hypometabolic phase, in which the mice's metabolic state was reduced to <10%. This 5'-AMP molecule can lower the affinity of red blood cells to bind to oxygen and suppress the process of cell respiration (glycolysis), a process that leads to a state of hibernation.
Genes that function in the hibernation process also exist in the human body. For example, the gene coding for the protein UCP (mitochondrial uncoupling proteins) which plays a role in the hibernation process in squirrels, in fact also belongs to humans.
Not only UCP, there are 8 other hibernation activating genes that are also known to exist in humans. Through the process of genetic engineering, it is possible for humans to hibernate and it is possible to become a reality.
Other Functions Hibernate
Not only for the purposes of space expeditions, hibernation in humans will also be very useful in the health sector in the future. Hibernation can reduce the possibility of organ damage in chronic diseases such as stroke, heart disease, and hypoxia.
Another aspect is related to cryogenic technology – in which the body of a patient with a chronic disease cannot be recovered at any time these will be preserved for several years and they will be revived when the necessary medical technology is obtained There is.
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