√ Various types of gypsum and complete product types
Complete Types of Gypsum and Product Types – Gypsum is a mineral rock that can be mined and is available in various parts of the world. The word 'gypsum' or gypsum itself comes from Greek which means 'to cook' which means more about burnt minerals or those that go through a calcination process. Dental gypsum is a gypsum material that contains the chemical element CaSO4. American Dental Association (ADA) Specification No. 25, gypsum dental products can be grouped into five types, namely types I, II, III, IV and V. However, the most commonly used are types II, III, and IV. There are three types of gypsum products used in the field of dentistry, including: plaster, dental stone, and hi modelsgh dental strength or die stone.
Complete Types of Gypsum and Product Types
Let's discuss it in full below.
Types of Gypsum Products
These are the 3 types of gypsum products that are often used in the field of dentistry
1. Plaster (Type II)
The crystalline powder of this type is irregular and naturally porous, and is known as alpha hemihydrate. Physically, it can be seen as a white mineral that is able to absorb water up to a maximum of 50% in 100 grams of powder. The excess amount of water absorbed in the gypsum structure will evaporate, and as a result there will be a decrease in density and a decrease in strength
(strength) gypsum. One of the reasons plaster continues to be used in the world of dentistry (orthodontics) due to the smooth surface produced on gypsum products. This property is the basis for the use of gypsum as a sculpting model and trimming model, with precise and accurate results. On the other hand, the nature of the shaft in the gypsum structure will cause brittleness (brittle) which has an impact on reducing its mechanical properties (Runguist, 1992). In type II, natural anhydrous compounds are found that have an orthorhombic structure (Deer at al, 1963).2. Dental Stone (Type III)
Known as dental stone or dental gypsum type III, with less water content. Crystalline gypsum of this type has a more regular structure with reduced porosity. The crystal powder in this type is more regular with reduced porosity. This type has a water ratio of around 30 grams in 100 grams of powder. This will have an impact on a denser structure (denser) and is stronger than type II products, but has a greater tendency to fail (fracture).
Several clinical studies state that the orthodontic reconstruction model is very useful for analyze tooth decay and loss so as to facilitate patient treatment (Kuntoro, et al, 2014). During the treatment process, this construction model remains stored until the treatment process is complete. Based on the construction models that have been made, the aim is to see progress (progress) treatment for patients. Therefore, type III material must have good mechanical properties (strength), this is because the storage process can take 2 - 4 years of treatment (Runguist, 1992).
Type III calcium sulfate has good solubility compared to natural anhydrous. The weight of the anhydrous sample was obtained to reach constant room conditions for 12 hours. The mass yield increases from 7 to 7.5 %, 6.6 % is the theoretical value for the hemihydrate (145.154 g/mol) and for the anhydrous (136.146 g/mol) (Davis, 1907).
3. Dental Stone, High strength (Type IV)
Increased dental stone or type IV dental stone with less water content than type III. Compressive strength and surface hardness have been the measurements most frequently considered, because cementitious materials cause brittleness (brittle) and has a compressive strength that is greater than the tensile strength.
The mixing method also has an impact for type IV, there are a number of variables that can be manipulated to change the physical properties of the various gypsum materials. Such was the case with the development of artificial dental gypsum, which increased the surface hardness and compressive strength properties of type IV teeth, which were initially of interest to dentistry. Further development was carried out as a study model on the articulator, this application requires materials which is more durable than that which has been used in cases of oral reconstruction by prosthodontists. In this case, there are two requirements for traditional orthodontic models, namely trim and sculpt models based on their strength.
Unfortunately, there is no gypsum product that meets all these requirements. One solution in the field of dentistry is by pouring parts of the tooth from a stone mold, anatomy and base in plaster. The result is that teeth are less susceptible to damage, and a relatively small surface area of stone is required for sculpting models. The easiest way is on the trim model. This method is carried out using a plastic or rubber bowl made from flexible material bladed stirrer during the process of mixing powder with water. The resulting dough in this model must be soft, homogeneous, just right, and not bubbly. Bubbles are avoided so that the dough does not experience defects on the inside.
Other alternatives are to change the water-to-powder ratio, mixing method, or change the addition of other ingredients. Furthermore, doctors can use a mixture of plaster and stone to produce a hybrid that has inherent compromises when compared to either of the two materials. The combination is done on stone by increasing its strength, but improving the sculpt and trim model under the conditions of time. If type IV with type I (plaster) makes it easier and more efficient, but the tensile strength decreases and the fracture mode increases. Manufacturers argue regarding gypsum materials that the mixture is acceptable to the public, but the resulting physical properties have not been further investigated. Currently produced commercially and targeted to demand, because there is too much demand. Also too many different mixing ratios. In the manufacturing process, type IV dental products have a small volume so the costs are very expensive, some consumers cannot afford this (Runguist, 1992).
That's our discussion about Complete Types of Gypsum and Product Types, hopefully this article can be useful for all of us. thank you 🙂
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