√ Definition of Journalism, History, Goals, Types and Code of Ethics

Definition of Journalism, History, Goals, Types and Code of Ethics – In this discussion Regarding Knowledge will explain about Journalism. Journalism is a science or technique in collecting, writing, editing or publishing news.

Definition of Journalism, History, Goals, Types and Code of Ethics

Apart from the definition above, we will also discuss the history, objectives, types and code of ethics of journalism. To understand it in more detail, please see the details below.

Understanding Journalism

The definition of journalism is a process or science in collecting, writing, editing and publishing news. Journalism is also called journalism.

Journalism comes from the word Journal, which means daily notes or notes about daily events, or also interpreted as newspapers.

The word Journal comes from the Latin word "Diurnalis" which means a person who does journalistic work. Etymologically, journalism is a report about daily events which is now known as news. The simple definition of journalism is activities related to recording or reporting every day.

In the dictionary, journalism is defined as activities that involve preparing, editing and writing for newspapers, magazines or other periodicals.

Understanding Journalism According to Experts

The following is the definition of journalism according to experts.

1. Erik Hodgins

According to Erik Hodgins, journalism is the delivery of information from here to there correctly, thoroughly and quickly in order to defend truth and justice.

2. A.W. Widjaya

Journalism according to A.W. Widjaya is a communication activity carried out by broadcasting news or the reasons are related to various actual and factual daily events or happenings at that time as soon as possible.

3. Roland E. Wolseley

Journalism according to Roland E. Wolseley is the collection, writing, interpretation, processing and dissemination of general information, observer opinions, public entertainment systematically and reliably to be published in newspapers, magazines and broadcast on stations broadcast.

4. Indonesian Encyclopedia

Journalism according to the Indonesian Encyclopedia is a professional field that seeks to present information about events and/or daily life on a regular basis, using publishing facilities which exists.

5. Amar and Sumadiria

According to Amar and Sumadiria, journalism is the activity of collecting, processing and disseminating news to the widest possible audience.

6. Onong U. Effendi

Journalism according to Onong U. Efendi is a technique for managing news from obtaining material to disseminating it to the public.

7. Summanang

According to Summanang, journalism is everything that concerns journalism.

8. Adinegoro

According to Adinegoro, journalism is a kind of composing skill which essentially provides news to the public as quickly as possible so that it spreads as widely as possible.

9. m Ridwan

Journalism according to M. Ridwan has a practical skill in collecting and editing news for reporting in newspapers, magazines or other periodic publications.

10. F. Fraser Bond

Journalism according to F. Fraser Bond is any form of providing news and reviews about the news to a group of observers.

11. Communication Lesikom

Journalism according to Lesikom Communications is the work of collecting, writing, editing and distribute news and articles to newspapers, magazines and other mass media such as radio and television.

History of Journalism

The development of journalism in Indonesia began in the Netherlands. Several Indonesian freedom fighters also used journalism as a tool of struggle. In that era, among others, Bintang Timoer, Java Bode, Bintang Barat, Medan Prijaji Terbit.

When the Japanese population took over power, everyone was banned, but in the end There are five media that have obtained publication permits, including Sinar Baru, Asia RAja, Suara Asia, Tjahaja and Sinar Sun.

After Indonesia's independence, it brought benefits to journalism. The Indonesian government uses Radio Republik Indonesia as a communication medium.

Facing the implementation of the IV Asian Games, the government included a television project. Since 1962, Television Republic of Indonesia has been available with black and white screen technology.

In the era of President Soeharto, mass media was more restricted. As in the case of Tempo Magazine and Harian Indonesia Raya, there are two examples of evidence of censorship during the Soeharto era. Control is held by PWI (Department of Information and the Association of Indonesian Journalists). At that time, the Alliance of Independent Journalists emerged which made a self-declaration at Wisma Sirna Galih, West Java. Some of his activities were in detention cells.

The history of press/journalist independence was when Suharto was replaced by BJ Habibie. At that time, many mass media emerged and PWI was not the only professional organization. Journalism activities are regulated by Press Law no. 40 of 1999 issued by the Press Council and Broadcasting Law no. 32 of 2002 issued by the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI).

Journalistic Goals

The aims and functions of journalism include:

Journalism has a function as a provider of information to the public so that citizens can organize themselves. Mass media really helps society by presenting news that is happening in the environment, making People can find out about problems around them that may or may not be overlooked in everyday life realized. With this news, the truth of the news becomes the basis for the actions taken by the community.

Journalism also has a function to build society. News that explains the situation of community groups who have been experiencing difficulties and being forgotten can encourage other community groups to help solve the problem experienced. To a greater extent, it can encourage the state to make policies that are pro-people.

Journalism has another function as fulfilling the rights of citizens. These rights can be interpreted as obtaining correct and accurate information. Mass media is a very good and effective tool for voicing people's rights both through news written by journalists, or through opinions and readers' letters written in the media mass.

Journalism can also be used as a benchmark for the democracy of a society. The more democratic a society, the stronger the position of the mass media.

Likewise vice versa. In a democratic society, people are free to voice their opinions and demand their rights through the mass media. This certainly will not happen in a society led by an authoritarian ruler. In an authoritarian society, the mass media is just a mouthpiece for power.

Types of Journalism

The types of journalism include:

According to the media used to publish or disseminate information, journalism is divided into three types, including:

Print Journalism (Printed Journalism)
Print journalism is a journalistic process in print media (printed media) newspapers, magazines, tabloids.

Electronic Journalism (electronic journalism) or Broadcast Journalism (Broadcast Journalism)
Electronic journalism or broadcast journalism is a journalistic process in radio, television and film media.

Online Journalism (Online Journalism) or Online Journalism (Online)
Online journalism or online journalism is a technique of disseminating information through news websites or news portals (internet media, online media, cyber media).

According to the reporting style and topic, journalism is divided into many types, including the following:

• Peace Journalism (Peace Journalism)
• War Journalism (War Journalism)
• Development Journalism (Development Journalism)
• Yellow Journalism (Yellow Journalism)
• Clickbait Journalism (Clickbait Journalism)
• Holy War Journalism (Crusade Journalism)
• Citizen Journalism (Citizen Journalism)
• Community Journalism (Community Journalism)
• Investigative Journalism (Investigative Journalism)
• Corporate Journalism (Corporate Journalism)
• Brand Journalism (Brand Journalism)
• Da'wah journalism and others

Journalism Code of Ethics

The journalistic code of ethics includes the following:

• Independent, accurate, balanced and without bad faith.
• Professional (show identity; respect privacy rights, do not bribe; factual news, and clear sources; not plagiarism; the use of certain methods can be considered to cover investigative news in the public interest)
• Be balanced, do not combine facts and judgmental opinions, and also apply the principle of presumption of innocence.
• Do not report lies, slander, sadism and obscenity.
• Do not abuse your profession and do not accept bribes.
• Has the Right to Refuse to protect sources whose identity or whereabouts they do not wish to be known, respecting the application of embargoes, background information and off the record.
• Do not write or publish news based on racial prejudice or discrimination.
• Respect private life, except for public interests.
• Immediately retract, rectify and correct wrong/inaccurate news and also apologize to readers, listeners and/or viewers.
• Serve the Right of Reply and Right of Correction proportionally.

Thus has been explained about Definition of Journalism, History, Goals, Types and Code of Ethics, hopefully it can increase your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read other articles.