20 Definitions of Modernization According to Experts (Discuss Completely)
20 Definitions of Modernization According to Experts (Discuss Completely) – In general, modernization is a change in society in all its aspects from traditional society to modern society. However, there are several experts who define modernization in their own versions.
20 Definitions of Modernization According to Experts (Discuss Completely)
Let's discuss the meaning of modernization carefully.
Understanding Modernization According to Experts
Below is the definition of modernization according to experts.
1. Koentjaraningrat
In Koentjaraningrat's opinion, modernization is an effort to live in accordance with the current era and world constellations.
2. Soerjono Soekanto
In Soerjono Soekanto's opinion, modernization is a form of social change. In general, modernization is directed social change which is based on planning (social planning).
3. Wijoyo Nitisastro
In Wijoyo Nitisastro's opinion, modernization is a process of total transformation of life together which is traditional (premodern) in the sense of technology of a social organization towards economic patterns as well political.
4. Abdul Sham
In Abdul Syam's opinion, modernization is a process of transformation from a change in a more advanced direction and improvement in various aspects of people's lives.
5. Astrid S. Susanto
In the opinion of Astrid S. Susanto Modernization is a development process that provides opportunities for change to become more progress.
6. Wibert E. Moore
In the opinion of Wibert E. Moore Modernization is a total transformation of social life in the fields of technology and social organization from the traditional towards the economic and political patterns that were preceded by previous Western countries stable.
7. Ougburn and Nimkoff
In the opinion of Ougburn and Nimkoff, modernization is an effort to direct society so that it can project itself towards a real future that is not just a mere dream.
8. Schoorl
In Schoorl's opinion, modernization is a replacement of techniques in production from traditional methods to methods that are accommodated in the sense of the Industrial Revolution.
9. Alex Thio
In Alex Thio's opinion, modernization is a form of social change which takes the form of changing an agricultural society into an industrial society.
10. Harold Rosenberg
In the opinion of Harold Rosenberg, modernization is a new tradition that refers to urbanization or to what extent and how to erode rural characteristics in a moderate society taking place.
11. R. Soekmono
In the opinion of R. Soekmono Modern is an era whose style is determined by influences from Western Europe
12. Diderot
In Diderot's opinion, Modern is where humans place their interests above other creatures
13. Alvin Hadiwono
In the opinion of Modern Alvin Hadiwono, this is the peak era of sensory culture.
14. Ahmad Baso
In Ahmad Baso's opinion, Modern is a phenomenon that will ultimately lead us to the destruction of the basic differences between private space and public space, which is the sinking of both.
15. Giddens
(In George Ritzer, 2004:553-557) he defines modernity in terms of 4 fundamental dimensions including:
- Capitalism, as characterized by commodity production, private ownership of capital, and propertyless labor, and a class system that originates from these characteristics,
- Industrialism (production processes in industry) which involves the use of natural resources and machines in producing goods. Industrialism is not limited to the workplace and industrialism as well affecting a series of other environments such as transportation, communication, and even existing life at home,
- Surveillance capacity, which refers to monitoring the activities of individual citizens in the political field, for example CCTV, traffic cameras, satellites,
- Military power or in control of the tools for violence, which is the government's policy of taking over all instruments violence, this is done with the aim that civil society cannot use violence except the government, including in industrialization war equipment.
16. Wilbert E Moore
In the opinion of Wilbert E Moore, modernization is a total transformation of traditional or pre-modern co-existence including in terms of technology and social organization the economic and political patterns that characterize stable western countries.
17. According to JW School
In the opinion of the JW School, modernization is a transformation, changes to society are found in all aspects. Modernization theory itself describes the process of transformation of traditional society into modern or backward society.
18. Johan Willem Schoorl
In Johan Willem Schoorl's opinion, modernization is the application of scientific knowledge to all activities, in areas of life, as well as existing aspects of society.
19. Arbi Sanit
In Arbi Sanit's opinion, modernization is a process in which existing changes occur in every line of a person's life which starts from traditional which can lead to a different life modern.
20. Neil Smelser
In Neil Smelser's opinion, modernization will always involve the concept of structural differentiation. With the modernization stage, irregularities exist in the structure of the society that carries it out Different functions that are the same will be divided into substructures to carry out more functions special.
Factors influencing modernization
The following are several factors that influence modernization, including:
- There are discoveries, developments and mastery in the fields of science and technology.
- There are developments in the political and ideological fields (democratization).
- Progress in the economic sector with the implementation of a productive efficiency system.
- Developments in the field of implementation of faith and devotion to God Almighty.•
- Advancing in the industrial and agricultural sectors.
- Creating national stability so that life becomes peaceful, safe and peaceful.
In order for modernization to run smoothly, cultural support from society is needed. Culture in a society can be both a driver and an obstacle to the modernization process. Therefore, mental attitudes and cultural values in a society greatly determine whether a change or modernization is accepted or rejected. Mental attitudes that can be a driving force in the modernization process include being diligent, punctual and brave enough to take risks.
The things that need to be considered in modernization are as follows:
- During his life, loyal people will definitely experience changes. For the community concerned or outsiders who observe it, change can be interesting or unattractive, it can be limited or unlimited, it can even be slow or fast.
- Changes in society can be in the form of social values, patterns of behavior, organization, structure, social institutions, as well as layers within society, power, authority and interactions social.
- Because the fields that are experiencing changes in society are very broad, researchers make descriptions regarding changes in society, we must determine clearly the changes regarding that matter intended.
- Many sociologists have devoted attention to the problems of social and cultural change in society. This money makes the issue more important in relation to economic development.
That's our explanation this time regarding 20 Definitions of Modernization According to Experts (Discuss Completely), hopefully this can increase your knowledge, thank you.
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